密云区2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练（8）及答案

阅读理解、专题训练(**)、如何做好推理判断题

◆ 方法点拨

做推理判断题时注重从已知推出未知，但在推理过程中千万不要主观臆断，掺杂自己的观点。

◆ 活学活用

根据所学技巧，完成下列读写任务

The automobile has many advantages. Above all，it offers people freedom to go wherever and whenever they want to go. The basic purpose of a motor vehicle is to get from point A to point B as cheaply，quickly，and safely as possible. However，to most people，cars are also personal fantasy machines that serve as symbols of power，success，speed，excitement，and adventure.

In addition，much of the world's economy is built on producing motor vehicles and supplying roads，services，and repairs for those vehicles. Half of the world's paychecks are auto related. In the United States，one of every six dollars spent and one of every six non-farm jobs are connected to the automobile or related industries，such as oil，steel，rubber，plastics，automobile services，and highway construction.

In spite of their advantages，motor vehicles have many harmful effects on human lives and on air，water，land，and wildlife resources. The automobile may be the most destructive machine ever invented. Though we tend to deny it，riding in cars is one of the most dangerous things we do in our daily lives.

Since 1885，when Karl Benz built the first automobile，almost 18 million people have been killed by motor vehicles. Every year，cars and trucks worldwide kill an average of 250,000 people－as many as were killed in the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki－and injure or permanently disable ten million more. Half of the world's people will be involved in an auto accident at some time during their lives.

Since the automobile was introduced，almost three million Americans have been killed on the highways－about twice the number of Americans killed on the battlefield in all U．S.wars. In addition to the tragic loss of life，these accidents cost American society about $ 60 billion annually in lost income and in insurance(保险)，administrative(行政的)，and legal expenses.

Streets that used to be for people are now for cars. Pedestrians and people riding bicycles in the streets are subjected to noise，pollution，stress，and danger.

Motor vehicles are the largest source of air pollution，producing a haze of smog over the world's cities. In the United States，they produce at least 50% of the country's air pollution.

Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30～50词左右的摘要

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案

1．Cars represent people' s ________.

A．occupation　　　　　　　B．identity

C．life style D．fame

2．According to the passage，the average number of people killed annually in traffic accidents around the world is________________________________________________________________________.

A．18 million B．250,000

C．half of the world's population D．60 million

3．A serious environmental problem resulting from automobiles is ________.

A．tragic loss of life B．traffic jams

C．air pollution D．mental stress

4．It can be inferred from this passage that automobiles________________________________________________________________________.

A．are an important part of the world ' s economy

B．are becoming less dangerous

C．will produce less air pollution in the future

D．are killing more people in recent years than in the past

5．The title that suits the passage best is ________.

A．Automobile and Economy

B．Automobile and the Environment

C．The Problems with the Automobile

D．Advantages and Disadvantages of the Automobile

参考答案

Ⅰ

Automobiles have both advantages and disadvantages. They can get people anywhere and bring them good feelings，as well as job opportunities. But in the meantime，they kill and injure people，cost a lot of money and pollute the earth we live on.

Ⅱ

1～5：BBCAD

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（201*·浙江卷）

One evening in February 2007 . a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote in Wales . She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path . That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train.Her Renault Clio parked across a railway line. Second later,she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.

Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device(导航仪).She had never driven the route before .It was dark and raining heavily . Ceely was relying on her GPS. But it made no mention of the crossing ."I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train ,"she told the BBC.

W ho is to blame here ? Rick Stevenson ,who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail US, finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says,

but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key boards.

The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses digital technology,while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the CPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.

It’s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an accout of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors .

The game between humans and their smart devices is complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be way a wiser use of technology.

If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long .

?41?.What?did?Paula?Ceely?think?was?the?cause?of?her?accident????????????

?A.?She?was?not?familiar?with?the?road.???????????

?B.?It?was?dark?and?raining?heavily?then.???

C. The railway works failed to give the signal.

D. Her GPS device didn’t tell her about the crossing

??42.The?phrase” near?miss”?(paragraph?2?)?can?best?be?replaced?by?_______.?????????????

A.?close?bit????????????????????B.?heavy?loss?????????????C.narrow escape?????????D.?big?mistake??????

??43.Which?of?the?following?would?Rick?Stevenson?most?probably?agree?with??????????????

A. Modern?technology?is?what?we can’t?live?without.????????????

B.?Digital?technology?often?falls short?of?out?expectation.????????????

C.?Digital?devices?are?more reliable?than?they?used?to?be.?????????????

D.?GPS?error?is?not?the?only cause?for?Celery’s?accident.?

44.In the writer’s opinion, Stevenson’s argument is________.

A. one-sided B. reasonable C.puzzling D.well-based

45.What is the real concern of the writer of this article?

A.The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.

B.The relationship between humans and technology

C.?The?shortcomings?of?digital devices?we?use.???????????

D.?The?human unawareness??of?technical?problems.

【答案】DCBAB

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We discuss the issue of when to help a patient die. Doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question. Going back to my internship（实习）days, I can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma(昏迷), with late, hopeless cancer. For many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medication—morphine(吗啡)by the clock. This was not talked about openly and little was written about it. It was essential, not controversial.

The best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom I cared for. The first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident. A few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances. So there she was: in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device. One day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me. They told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines. I told them that while I respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation. The kidney(肾) failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective. While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed. Here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what.

Within a few days the patient's pacemaker(起搏器) could be removed and she awoke from her coma. About six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman. After some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone. As soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful. All that came out was, "We want you to know how wrong we were."

The second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking. She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it would surely be deadly. As a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics(道德). The speaker asked me if I had any sort of ethical problem I could bring up for discussion. I described the case and asked the students their opinion. After the discussion, I made a remark that was, when looking back,