密云区2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练（4）及答案

阅读理解、专题训练(**)、议论文的阅读

阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务

Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels，but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋)．“It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎)—and once you do it，it is too late，” said Dr.Casey Kerrigan，leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.“I compare it to smoking—one cigarette is not painful，but over a lifetime it is.Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day long，” Kerrigan said.“They are better for your feet than stiletto heels，but just as bad for your knees.”

In the study，researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with three-inch heels，one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one.The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the women's knees by both types of shoes.The women also walked bare-foot to test normal pressure.The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.Compared with walking barefoot，the heels increased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent.Increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis，experts say.

The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new-scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes，tendonitis，knee pain，sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems.But in 1998，Kerrigan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis，a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee.The first study looked only at stiletto heels，and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.“This study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health，” said Dr.Glem Pfeffer，a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.

Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要

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Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项

1．We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because ________.

A．they want to walk comfortably

B．chunky heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heeled pairs

C．chunky heels do less harm to knees

D．chunky heels are not painful at all

2．The study mentioned in the second paragraph found that ________.

A．pressure on the foot is caused by high heels

B．the pressure is abnormal while walking barefoot

C．arthritis is always caused by pressure on the knees

D．both types of shoes have the same harm to the knees

3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A．people got to know the high heels are bad for health recently

B．people have known the high heels are bad for health for years

C．people haven't known the high heels are bad for health yet

D．people will be warned that the high heels are bad for health soon

4．Kerrigan's late study looked at the chunky high-heeled shoes because ________.

A．they feel more comfortable

B．they are related to knee osteoarthritis

C．they are worn by many women

D．they are different from stiletto heels

5．The best title for the passage may be ________.

A．Talking Healthy Knees into Consideration

B．High-heels Do Harm to Knees

C．Chunky Heels and Stiletto Heels

D．When Wearing High-heels

参考答案

三、

Ⅰ

The passage discusses the idea that high heels have bad effects on the knees by surveying and showing some facts and the reasons for it，so when choosing high heels we should consider our healthy knees.

Ⅱ

1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wide heeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day long”可知妇女选择粗高跟鞋是因为粗高跟鞋穿着舒服，A项与此意思相符。

答案：A

2．解析：推理判断题。从第二段中的“The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.”可知，两种高跟鞋给膝关节带来的压力是等量的，所以它们对膝关节的伤害是一样的。

答案：D

3．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段开头“The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new—scientists have warned women for years that...”可知B项与此一致。

答案：B

4．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first study looked only at stiletto heels，and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.”可见，起初的研究对象只是细高跟鞋，Kerrigan后来对粗高跟鞋进行调查研究是因为她注意到许多妇女穿着粗高跟鞋。

答案：C

5．解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述了鞋跟粗厚的高跟鞋和鞋跟细高的高跟鞋一样，都对膝关节有损害。所以B选项“高跟鞋伤害膝关节”是最佳选项。

答案：B

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1.（201*·陕西卷）

Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, gentically mondified (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would ,is it the best solutiorr?

Despite what it promiises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In fact

Studies show that the most crown GM croo.

GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on mojor GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.

Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition.

At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.

As a matter of fact ,scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.

57.The author develops the second paragraph mainly . 【C】

A. by classification B. by comparison

C. by example D. by process

58. What does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean? 【D】

A. Control. B. Evaluate C. Obtain. D. Increase.

59. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______________. 【B】

A. practicing “green” farming B. use of less chemicals

C. fair distribution of their crops D. using more crops for fuel

60. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?

【C】

A. Optimistic B. Defensive C. Disapproving D. Casual

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（London）—If it really is what’s on the inside that counts, then a lot of thin people might be in trouble.

Some doctors now think that the internal fat surrounding important organs like the heart or liver could be as dangerous as the external fat which can be noticed more easily.

“Being thin doesn’t surely mean you are not fat,” said Dr Jimmy Bell at Imperial College. Since 1994, Bell and his team have scanned nearly 800 people with MRI machines to create “fat maps” showing where people store fat.

According to the result, people who keep their weight through diet rather than exercise are likely to have major deposits of internal fat, even if they are slim.

Even people with normal Body Mass Index scores can have surprising levels of fat deposits inside. Of the women, as many as 45 percent of those with normal BMI scores (20 to 25) actually had too high levels of internal fat. Among men, the percentage was nearly 60 percent.

According to Bell, people who are fat on the inside are actually on the edge of being fat. They eat too many fatty and sugary foods, but they are not eating enough to be fat. Scientists believe we naturally store fat around the belly first, but at some point, the body may start storing it elsewhere.

Doctors are unsure about the exact dangers of internal fat, but some think it has something to do with heart disease and diabetes. They want to prove that internal fat damages the body’s communication systems.

The good news is that internal fat can be easily burned off through exercise or even by improving your diet. “If you want to be healthy, there is no short cut. Exercise has to be an important part of your lifestyle,” Bell said.

What is this piece of news mainly about?

A. Thin people may be fat inside.

B. Internal fat is of no importance.

C. Internal fat leads to many diseases.

D. Thin people also have troubles.

12. Doctors have found _____.

A. the exact dangers of internal fat

B. internal fat is the cause of heart disease and diabetes

C. being slim is not dangerous at all

D. being slim doesn’t mean you are not fat inside

13. According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?

A. Exercise can help to reduce the internal fat.

B. People can get rid of internal fat by improving diet.

C. Men are more likely to have too much internal fat.

D. People with heart disease all have internal fat.

14. From the last paragraph, we can find that _____.

A. whether internal fat can lead to disease has been proved

B. exercise plays in important role in people’s life for keeping healthy

C. thin people usually have internal fat even if they are slim

D. it is easier to burn off internal fat than external fat

15. The underlined par