同步练习(二十一)　[必修5　Unit 1　Great scientists]

(限时：30分钟)

Ⅰ.完形填空

A young man waited at a stop light. In front of him was a woman going through papers on the seat of her car and when the light changed to green, she didn't go. A green light is not a __1__， you know. It is more of a demand. But she didn't __2__．

When the light turned red again, she still had not __3__ her car. The man now started __4__ and beating his steering wheel.

A policeman tapped on his windshield (挡风玻璃). He asked for his __5__， returned to his car, talked on the radio, and finally handed it back. The driver protested, “I knew you couldn't __6__ me for shouting in my own car！”

The officer replied, “I didn't want to __7__ you of that. But I was directly behind you. I saw you screaming, and I said to myself, ‘That man is out of __8__. He's going to hurt someone！’”

“Then I noticed the cross __9__ from your rear view mirror, the bright yellow ‘Love Is a Choice’ license tag, and the ‘Give __10__ a Chance’ bumper sticker (保险杠标签), and I am sure you must have stolen the car.”

His behavior did not __11__ his bumper sticker. But let's not be too __12__. Are we always the people we want to be? We make __13__ all the life. Personal change can happen when the person we at present are does not yet __14__ the person we hope to be. Better to set high ideals and __15__ fall short than to settle for mediocrity (平庸).

The important question is not, “Who are you today？” It is better to ask, “Who will you be tomorrow？”

1．A.mark B．suggestion

C．warning D．symbol

2．A.observe B．follow

C．aware D．notice

3．A.moved B．reached

C．repaired D．left

4．A.crying B．confusing

C．screaming D．complaining

5．A.passport B．license

C．address D．name

6．A.arrest B．suspect

C．charge D．criticize

7．A.remind B．accuse

C．inform D．appeal

8．A.control B．patience

C．anger D．despair

9．A.sticking B．hanging

C．lying D．tying

10．A.Peace B．Desire

C．Anxiety D．Courage

11．A.communicate B．represent

C．reflect D．express

12．A.horrible B．critical

C．curious D．serious

13．A.decisions B．mistakes

C．promises D．changes

14．A.resemble B．admire

C．respect D．differ

15．A.endlessly B．never

C．sometimes D．seldom

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

Women should not drink any alcohol during pregnancy. A report released by NICE says if they must drink, they should not do so in the first three months and should limit consumption to one or two ounces once or twice a week afterwards. It replaces previous guidance of saying small daily amounts were fine.

NICE decided to tighten its guidance partly because of the concern that people are now drinking more than in the past. Previous draft guidance suggested women should drink an ounce of alcohol a day once they were past the first three months of pregnancy. The Department of Health in England changed its guidance last year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant.

Drinking heavily in pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome(酒精综合症), which can leave children with features like small heads, widely spaced eyes and behavior or learning problems.

The experts said there was no evidence that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but could not categorically rule out(排除)any risk.

National Childbirth Trust agreed women should limit their drinking during pregnancy. “Pregnant women who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal about whether they have harmed their baby. In general, it is believed that if a light infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small.”

NICE also made a number of other recommendations for the care of women in the UK who were pregnant or planning to get pregnant. It said vitamin D and folic acid(叶酸)supplements should be offered by health staff to help avoid conditions such as rickets(佝偻病)and spina bifida(脊椎裂). Officials called for local health bosses to ensure equal support plans where mothers encourage new parents to breastfeed are set up. NICE also called for improvements in the care of pregnant women with diabetes(糖尿病). About 20，000 pregnancies each year are affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry higher risk of miscarriage(流产)and stillbirth(死产). The guidance said women should get access to advice and support, in particular to achieve good blood sugar control before they get pregnant.

16．What is the advice made by the Department of Health on drinking alcohol during pregnancy?

A．Little in the first three months and a gradual increase afterwards.

B．An ounce a day after the first three months.

C．No drinking for pregnant women.

D．Those who drink regularly need not worry about the harm to their babies.

17．What's the meaning of the underlined word “categorically” in Paragraph 4?

A．Honestly.

B．Absolutely.

C．Physically.

D．Doubtfully.

18．According to the passage, miscarriage is caused most probably by ________.

A．the lack of vitamin D and folic acid

B．rickets and spina bifida

C．the lack of doctors' advice and support

D．diabetes

19．National Childbirth Trust found that ________.

A．a pregnant woman drinking alcohol infrequently has little risk to her baby

B．pregnant women who drink a little occasionally are always afraid of the effects

C．there is no evidence that a pregnant woman drinking alcohol might harm her baby

D．getting drunk once won't harm the baby

20．In this passage, the author mainly intends to ________.

A．show NICE's new guidance on pregnant women's alcohol drinking and its advice for the care of pregnant women

B．warn pregnant women against any alcohol during pregnancy

C．show the present situation of pregnant women's drinking limit

D．call for more care for pregnant women in society

B

He is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet. But outstanding astrophysicist(天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old.

In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall，Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University，where he studied physics，and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone(神经元) disease made him concentrate on his work.

Professor Hawking said: “My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 but then she was definitely brighter than me.”He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class.“My classwork was very untidy，and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers，”he said.“But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein，so presumably they saw signs of something better.”

But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanized him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs. He said，“When you are faced with the possibility of an early death，it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”

21. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Stephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world.

B．Stephen Hawking couldn't read at the age of 7.

C．Stephen Hawking's handwriting was once terribly bad.

D．Stephen Hawking's sister once performed much better than him.

22. We can infer that Stephen Hawking was ________when he was a child and studied in Oxford University.

A．clever B．lazy C．bright D．mean

23. What made Stephen Hawking devote himself to his work?

A．Patience. B．Knowledge.

C．Disease. D．Laziness.

24. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Stephen Hawking didn't realize his dreams in physics.

B．It was possible for Hawking to face the early death.

C．The purpose of the doctor's diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard.

D．His life might be taken away by long hard work.

25. From whom did Hawking get a relatively just estimation when he was at school?

A．His sister. B．His classmates.

C．His teachers. D．His parents.

课时作业(二十一)

Ⅰ.1.B　考查名词辨析。绿灯不是一个建议，是一种要求。此处suggestion和demand对应。

2．A　考查动词辨析。绿灯不是一个建议，是一种要求。可她没有遵守。此处observe意为：遵守。

3．A　考查动词辨析。但红灯亮了的时候，她还没动。此处move意为：移动，开动。

4．C　考查动词辨析。后面的那个男人开始大叫并不断鸣笛。

5．B　考查名词辨析。警察向司机要了驾驶本并还给了他。

6．A　考查动词辨析。司机抗议：我在自己的车里大喊你不能逮捕我。注意：大喊可能被罚款但不能被逮捕。此处易错。

7．B　考查动词词义辨析。我不想因此而控告你。此处accuse…of…因……而控告……

8．A　考查名词辨析。我对自己说，那个人一定失控了。此处out of control意为：失控。

9．B　考查动词辨析。这时我注意到挂着你反光镜上的十字架。

10．A　考查名词辨析。“爱是一种选择”“给宁静一次机会”。

11．C　考查动词辨析。他的行为不能反映保险杠标签上的话。

12．B　考查形容词辨析。我们不要太挑剔。此处critical意为：挑剔的。

13．D　考查名词辨析。我们一生都在改变。

14．A　考查动词辨析。当现在的我们和我们希望成为的我们不同时个人就会改变。

15．C　考查副词辨析。最好定一个高的理想，有时没有实现也不至于平庸。

Ⅱ.A

NICE建议孕期女士不要饮酒。文中涉及了英国不同健康机构以及英国政府对孕妇饮酒事宜的不同规定，但是同时指出了孕妇饮酒会对胎儿有不良的影响，从而呼吁孕妇限制饮酒甚至不要饮酒。同时，NICE还对怀孕和准备怀孕的女士保健工作提出了一些其他的建议，提倡社会各界来关注孕妇的健康。

16．C　细节理解题。题干考查the Department of Health关于孕妇喝酒的建议，由文中第二段的The Department of Health in England changed its guidance last year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant.可以看出，该机构现在呼吁孕妇不要喝酒，因此C项正确。

17．B　词义猜测题。根据词汇所在的句子The experts said there was no evidence that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but could not categorically rule out any risk.的句意：专家认为没有证据表明一周内喝一次或两次几盎司的酒就会对胎儿造成伤害，但是不能categorically排除任何危险。根据下段的最后一句中的the risk to her baby is small可知少量饮酒对胎儿会造成比较微小的伤害，所以categorically在这里意为“完全地”。

18．D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的About 20，000 pregnancies each year are affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry higher risk of miscarriage and stillbirth.可以看出，患有糖尿病的孕妇有着很高的流产风险，所以应该选D。

19．B　细节理解题。第五段是National Childbirth Trust的发现Pregnant women who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal about whether they have harmed their baby.可以看出，即使喝酒不多的孕妇也会很担心喝酒会对胎儿不利，所以B正确。A项是不完整的，文中说In general, it is believed that if a light infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small.可知对胎儿造成比较微小的危险的怀孕妇女有以下特征：light, infrequent drinker, in good health, on one occasion，而A选项只是断章取义，所以错误；同理D项也由此判断为错误选项。

20．A　作者意图题。作者刚开始介绍了NICE关于孕妇饮酒的新规定，然后最后一段NICE提出了一些关爱英国怀孕妇女的建议，所以应该选A。

B

文章向我们介绍了传奇科学家霍金。

21．A　细节理解题。由第三段的But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein，so presumably they saw signs of som