上高二中2016届高三英语卷（2016.5.13）

第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)

第一节 阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中 ，选出最佳选项,并在题卡上将该项涂黑。(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)

A

In America, Virginia Beach has all the elements of a classic seaside resort: brilliant beaches, a lively boardwalk, plenty of restaurants and nightspots, and amusement rides sure to appeal to kids. Many believe Virginia Beach is at its best in the off-season, when the town is less crowded but the weather is still mild.

Meanwhile, some safety tips should be followed, enjoying the happiness and excitement the beach offers.

The number 1 safety tip concerns ocean safety: pay attention to Flag conditions posted on the lifeguard stands. Lifeguards post a red flag to warn when the ocean water is dangerous. Take them seriously! Tourists from land-locked regions are particularly easily attracted by the magic of the waves. However, a calm ocean can become risky without warning. Make sure you swim near a lifeguard. Swimming without lifeguard protection is almost five times as great as drowning at a beach with lifeguards.

Never swim alone. Many drownings involve single swimmer. When you swim with someone else, if one of you has a problem, the other may be able to get help, including signaling for assistance from others.

Don’t fight the current. The facts show that some 80% of rescues by lifeguards at ocean beaches are caused by currents. These currents are formed by surf and gravity, because once surf pushes water up the slope of a beach, gravity pulls it back. This can create concentrated rivers of water moving offshore. If you are caught in a rip current, don’t fight it by trying to swim directly to shore. Instead, swim parallel to shore until you feel the current relax, then swim to shore. Most rip currents are narrow and a short swim parallel to shore will help bring you to safety.

1. Tourists believe Virginia Beach is at its best in the off-season because ________.

A. the towns nearby are empty and the tourists can enjoy quietness

B. the weather is hot and the tourists can swim in the sea

C. the beach can offer the tourists happiness and excitement

D. the weather is still mild and there are fewer tourists in the towns nearby

2. Which statement below is TURE according to the passage?

A. Land-locked tourists are more attracted by the beauty of the waves.

B. The red flag means the ocean is clam and safe.

C. Swimming near a lifeguard won’t bring you safety.

D. Fighting the current is exciting and fun.

3. From the passage, we can infer that ________.

A. one in five persons swimming in the sea is drowned

B. if one with a lifeguard were drowning, five persons without lifeguards would be

C. some 80% people drowning by the currents are rescued by lifeguards

D. some 20% people drowning by the currents are rescued by lifeguards

B

If you live in a big city, there are many things to drive you crazy on your daily route, and it’s not just overcrowded subway trains.

Vicky Zhao is a mainlander working in Hong Kong. For her, one thing she can’t put up with is people standing on the wrong side of the escalator(自动扶梯) in subway stations. “Escalators help us move faster and save time. It isn’t a place to rest,” the 24-year-old says. “I often see tourists block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours. It annoys me to no end.”

Admitting she is not the patient type, Zhao says things are much better in Hong Kong than in cities on the mainland where “stand right, walk left” signs are often ignored.

The logic behind the “stand right, walk left”?escalator?etiquette(礼仪)?seems obvious. Even though you may want to catch your breath while you’re transported up or down, you should still consider others and leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and catch the train.

Many cities’ escalators, including London’s and Beijing’s, use the “stand right, walk left” system to speed up the flow of people. (Australia is an exception and you should stand on the left side instead.) But some cities discourage people from moving on escalators out of safety reasons. In Hong Kong’s subway stations there are regular announcements asking people to “stand still” on escalators. Even so, most people in this?fast-paced city?observe the “stand right, walk left”?etiquette.

But the people who stand on escalators defend themselves by telling the walkers not to be so impatient. The BBC quotes one stander as saying: “If the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs? Even when the?escalator?is packed and there’s nowhere to move, I see these same people complaining about not being able to pass.”

Whatever the?escalator?etiquette?is in the place you live or visit, do what most people are doing and always be mindful of others: leave enough space between each other, don’t?stay?at the end of the escalator, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough.

4. In the second paragraph, the underlined word “It” refers to_____.

A. the author’s living in the big city of Hong Kong.

B. being crowded on the subway trains in rush hours.

C. people’s blocking the way or chat on the escalators.

D. people’s standing on the right side resting.

5. When on the escalator, a majority of local people in Hong Kong_____.[:]

A. stand still as the railway stations require.

B. ignore the “ stand right, walk left” signs

C. use the stairs instead of escalators.

D. follow the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.

6. What can be inferred from the 6th paragraph?

A. Not everyone follows the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.

B. The BBC is against the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.

C. People should be patient and take the stairs if possible.

D. People shouldn’t complain about the crowded escalators.

7. Which of the following statements is the writer’s opinion?

A. People should stand right no matter where they are.

B. People should do as the Romans do and consider others.

C. People should do as they like on the escalators.

D. People should be seriously criticized when they block the way.

C

Hu Li's heart sank due to the color of the air. Driving 140 kilometers from Tianjin City to Beijing last week，she held her breath as the air became a charcoal grey haze(炭灰色的阴霾)．The 39-year-old businesswoman has lived in Beijing for a decade，and this past month，she said，brought the worst air pollution she has ever seen. It gave her husband a cough and left her seven-year-old daughter housebound(足不出户)．“My husband as well as I is working here，so we have no choice，” she said.“But if we had a choice，we'd like to escape from Beijing.”

The extended heavy pollution over the last month，which caused punishment in return for a day last week－called the “airpocalypse” by internet users－ has largely changed the way that Chinese think about the country's air. On one day，pollution levels were 30 times higher than levels considered safe by the World Health Organization (WHO)．Flights were cancelled. Roads were closed. One hospital in east Beijing reported they had treated more than 900 children for breathing issues. Bloomberg found that for most of January，Beijing's air was worse than that of an airport smoking area.

The smog's(烟雾) most threatening aspect is its high concentration(浓度) of PM 2.5 － particulate matter that is small enough to breathe deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream，causing breathing infections，lung cancer and possibly damaging children's development. The WHO has estimated that outdoor air pollution accounts for two million deaths per year，65% of them in Asia.

8．Which conclusion can we draw from the first paragraph?

A．Hu Li is living in Beijing. B．Hu Li traveled to Tianjin for business.

C．The haze is harmful to people. D．The pollution is the worst in Beijing's history.

9．The haze affected people mainly in________．

A．the way they traveled B．the opinion about national air

C．the way they lived their life D．the life style of internet

10．From the passage we know high concentration of PM 2.5________．

A．can lead to choke B．can cause heart cancer

C．will damage children's development D．will damage people's organ

11．What's the best title for the passage?

A．Hu Li's attitudes to Beijing's haze B．The damages of Beijing's haze

C．WHO suggests improving Beijing's air D．What caused air pollution in Beijing

D

Do you believe that things are connected for no scientific reason at all? For example, do you avoid saying the word “four” to avoid bad luck? If so, you have a superstition (迷信). And you’re not alone – all kinds of people have them. For example, Portugal’s soccer superstar Cristiano Ronaldo always steps onto the pitch (球场) with his right foot first, according to The Telegraph. And sports players are not alone in having superstitions. A visitor once asked the Nobel Prize winning scientist Niels Bohr whether he really believed that the horseshoe he’d hung at his country home was lucky. “Of course not,” the Danish physicist said. “But I understand it’s lucky whether you believe in it or not.” One recent study found that even scientists at MIT and other top US schools tended to look for a meaning in natural events, similar to the connection between stepping on the pitch and playing soccer well, according to The Atlantic. When the researchers gave the scientists little time to answer questions, they were twice as likely to agree with statements such as “Trees produce oxygen so that animals can breathe” than they were when they had more time to think about their reply. It seems that fear can make people think differently in this way, too. In a British study, students imagined meeting a “witch” who said she would cast (施魔法) an evil spell on them. About half said a scientist should not be worried about the spell. Yet each of them said that, personally, they wouldn’t let the “witch” do it to them. So why are so many of us superstitious? Well, it seems to be our way of dealing with the unknown. “Many people quite simpl