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Unit 4 Green world words

classify sth as …

classify sth into ……

get promoted

promote sb to ……

at the expense of

at one’s expense

have an appetite for …

把 ….. 归为 …..类

把 分成 几类

得到提升/促进

提升某人到什么职位

对 … 有欲望（胃口

以 为代价

某人负担费用

distinguish …from ….

把 和 区分开

appoint sb to sth

appoint sb as …

appoint a date / place for …

任命某人到 什么职位

任命某人为……

为 确定日期或地点

a family of privilege.

一个特权家庭

identification

n. 验明， 识别

1. I can c________ people into two groups ---diligent and lazy . In a company , if you want to get p______ quickly , you should have an a________ for hard work . Nobody likes lazy men.

2. Linnaeus’ idea of grouping plants was unique. In his system the i__________ of different plants was based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.

3.Daniel Solander, Linnaeu’s student, travelled to England to p___________ the new system.

lassify

romoted

ppetite

dentification

romote

4.Joseph Banks was born into a life of p_________, so he was the son of a wealthy family.

5.In 1768, James Cook was a ___________ the commander of the Endeavour on an expedition to Tahiti by the Royal Navy.

rivilege

ppointed

6。Banks was a dis_________ person in the world , who did a lot to the science of botany.

tinguished

calculate that……

be calculated to do sth

on a large scale

accumulate vt

.

大规模地

be essential for

对 来说是必要的

积累 聚集 vi 增加

估计……

旨在/ 打算做某事

被遗弃的车

an abandoned car

Fushun people have begun to plant trees on _______________ since last year. This project is c____________ to clean the air and the environment of the city. Comfortable living environment is e_________ for everyone . People shouldn’t a __________ rubbish here and there, which can a _____________ in the corners of the streets. If everyone begins to make an effort, I c_________ that our city will become better and nicer soon .

a large scale

alculated

ssential

bandon

ccumulate

alculate

be/get involved in …… 被牵涉进…

deserve sth 应得……

deserve to do … 最应该做…

reward sb with sth 奖赏某人某物

reward sb for sth 为 奖赏某人

altogether adv .总而言之， 完全地； 总计

abandon oneself to sth …

=be abandoned to sth

放纵自己……

classify vt. 编排， 分类 classification n. 编排， 分类

How are the books in the library classified?

Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?

Generally speaking , people can be _________ into two groups ---good and bad.

classified advertisements

classify sth as … 把 ….. 归为 …..类

classify sth into ……把 分成 几类

classified

The classification of those books makes it convenient for us to choose proper books.

2) He _________ the magazines about teaching , I can’t interrupt him.

A classifying b. is classifying

c. is busy classifying

d being classified

promote v.提升 促进 ； 促销

If you worked hard , you would get promoted soon.

promoting

2) 他的女儿刚被提升了。

3) The ordinary worker was gradually promoted _______ the head of the company .

4) The ambassador devoted his entire life to _______ the friendship of the two countries.

to

get promoted 得到提升/促进

promote sb to …… 提升某人到什么职位

5）How can we promote the sales of the products?

6） We are amazed _____ his being promoted so quickly.

at

promotion n. 提升 促进 ； 促销

There are good chances of promotion in the firm .

Do you like this electric toothbrush ? It is our latest promotion .

The football team was ____________ to the first division (甲级）; that is , they got a ________________.

Milk _____ health . So ……….

promoted

promotes

promotion

expense n. 花费 代价

1)It is too much of an expense to own a car.

2)He had his book printed at his own expense.

3)He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health.

.

at

4）If you won the competition , you would get a chance to go abroad , all expenses paid.

5) She saved her daughter’s life _______ the expense of her own life.

at one’s expense 某人负担费用

at the expense of ……. 以 为代价

A lot of people now travel abroad ______ their own expense to enlarge their knowledge

at

privilege n. 特权。特殊待遇

1)Elderly people have the privilege to get on the bus

2)He regrets not being born into a family of privilege.

privilege.

3)Nobody has the _________ not to take part in the activity .

4) In countries where there are fewer schools , education is a privilege.

identification n. 验明， 识别

1)I will let you in on condition that you show your __________ card.

2) The identification of the criminal took him a long time , for they resemble each other in appearance.

identification

identify vt . 识别， 辨认

To my delight , I have identified my favourite pen bought by my father.

Nobody can __________ the lost child ; so he was sent to the police.

a classify b. give away c. promote

d. identify.

3) I would identify the 2 tastes.

4） I don’t identify happiness and wealth.

我要辨认这两种味道是否相同。

我不认为幸福和财富是同一件事

identify sth and sth 认为同一…

appetite n. 欲望 ，食欲 ， 胃口

On seeing the overcooked dishes , I lost all my appetite.

The lazy man has no appetite for hard work ; so he doesn’t have any penny to his name until now.

As a consequence of the loss of his son , he lost his appetite _______ everything.

for

have an appetite for …对 … 有欲望（胃口）

他特别爱读这种科学杂志 （ have an appetite for ….)

It is commonly believed that eating sweets before meals is considered to have the chance to spoil the ________ .

a stomach b. desire

c. appetite

d. atmosphere

appoint vt 任命 确定（时间， 地点）

appointment n. 任命 , 约定

They have appointed a new manager

Do you know the woman appointed as Chairperson of the meeting?

appointed

Because of his outstanding contribution to the city , he was ________ to the high position.

The president has appointed the date for the meeting---July 1st.

appoint sb to sth 任命某人到 什么职位

appoint sb as … 任命某人为……

appoint a date / place for …为 确定日期或地点

It’s up to him to appoint the date for the meeting because he has just been appointed as Chairman.

_____________ head of the office, so he had to make a new arrangement for his work rather than just wait for others’help.

a He was appointed

Having been appointed

c. Being appointed d. appointed

With the date for the meeting to be held in Shanghai __________by the committee, we should get prepared for it ahead of time .

a having been appointed

b. appointed

c being appointed d. was appointed

make an appointment with sb for ….与 某人约定/约会去做……

calculate vt. 计算 推算 估算 calculation n.

Now they are used to employing computers to calculate the cost of a journey.

Having calculated when the spaceship will return, scientists get down to getting ready.

I calculate that he will reach London next month.

be calculated to do sth 旨在/ 打算做某事

His speech was calculated to encourage the crowd.

Exercises:

1。 His ________ is absolutely correct. We all cheered up .

2. There was _______ behind his choice of making friends; he wanted useful people in his business.

3. Have you finished ___________?

4. His journey to the west was ___________ to help those poor children, giving them some knowledge.

calculation

calculation

calculating

calculated

on a large scale 大规模地

1） He has made a big fortune ; so he is beginning to do business on a large scale.

2) National Day is around the corner . We will celebrate it _____ a large scale.

3) The businessman has a large-scale business around the globe.

on

accumulate vt 积累 聚集 vi 增加

He never wasted money and quickly accumulated a large fortune.

With your knowledge and experience accumulating , you will become wiser and wiser.

We have to __________ enough evidence to prove his guilty.

4) By investing wisely , 他积累了一笔财产。

5) My savings are accumulating interest

我的储蓄不断生息

accumulate

accumulate vi 增加 accumulation n . 积聚

Not having cleaned the room for a week , I can see dust and dirt has already accumulated here and there.

There was an _________ of my work while I was ill .

His ___________ of experience and ability quickly made him promoted to the head of the company.

accumulation

accumulation

essential adj. 基本的 必要的 主要的

We can live without clothes. But food and water are essential for our survival.

Her essential quality is kindness, making her friendly .

for

It is essential that he be cautious about this matter.

Money is not essential ________ a happy life but one can’t live happily without it.

It is essential that he __________ a new assistant for himself.

A will appoint b. appoints c. appoint

d. can appoint

abandon vt 离开 遗弃

1） Look out! The ship is burning . We have to abandon the burning ship .

2) He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.

3)The search was __________ when night came , even though the child had not been found .

abandoned

4) The car __________in the bush by the robber has been found at last

abandoned

4) He abandoned himself to grief/alcohol.

他不胜悲痛/ 他酗酒成性。

abandon oneself to sth …=be abandoned to sth.

放纵自己/ 使自己任意做……

Exercises:

Owing to the lack of spiritual belief , She abandoned herself _______ alcohol and smoking all day.

In face of disasters , some people ______ all hope , while others will face them up .

With the palace ________ for many years , it is hard to restore it .

to

abandon

abandoned

reward vt . 给报酬 奖赏

He reward the boy with 10 yuan for bringing back his lost dog.

How can I reward your kindness?

They rewarded him _____ saving his child from the fire.

reward sb with sth 奖赏某人某物

reward sb for sth 为 奖赏某人

for

reward n 悬赏 报酬

The boy received a reward of 10 yuan for bringing back the lost dog.

The promotion was the ________ of / for his hard work.

Anybody presenting the clue which can lead to the criminal being caught will get a reward ____ 500 yuan .

reward

of

A little baby can turn off the light for you if it leads to a ________ of sweets after doing so .

A prize b. reward c. promotion

d. present

A rewarding film , study , trip

一个有益的影片，研究， 旅行。

Gardening is a very rewarding pastime

Teaching is not very rewarding financially; that is , it is not well paid.

rewarding adj (of activity ) worth doing / satisfying

有益的， 值得做的

involve vt. to cause sb to be connected or concerned 牵涉 拖累

Don’t involve other people in your mistakes.

We are all involved , whether you like or not .

不管你愿不愿意， 我们都牵涉在内

3） Taking the job involves living abroad ; that is ; you have to part with your family .

be/get involved in …… 被牵涉进…..

1) The president is said ____________in the political scandal.

A to have been involved b. have been involved

c having been involved

to involve

2) The number of the people _______ in the case

added up to 300.

involved

be involved with sb …. 与某人关系非常密切

1） He is deeply involved with her and feels he must marry her because everyone expects it .

2）他与主席关系密切； 所以也被卷入这件事中。

He is deeply involved with the chairman ; therefore , he has been involved in the matter.

deserve vt . to be worthy of … 应得； 应受（赏罚）

Such behaviour deserves a good beating .

She deserves to win because she is the best

她是最优秀的， 赢是应该的。

deserve sth 应得……

deserve to do … 最应该做…

3） The person deserving our respect is Professor wang.

altogether adv .总而言之， 完全地； 总计

It is not altogether bad .

It was raining , but altogether it was a good journey.

3) She can earn 2000 yuan in a month altogether ( in all ).

4) His coming to help us is altogether ( entirely) out of question , because he is always selfish.

1) -------If I had 3 apples and Tom 4 , and Xiao lin—an elephant had 3 times the amount of them ,

how many apples have been eaten up ?

----________, 28 apples have been eaten up .

2) You are __________ right .

3) He is a good boy and always quick

in calculation ; ________ , he is a intelligent boy.

Altogether

altogether

altogether

Stop arguing about the procedure and let’s get down to business.

What’s the procedure for getting into the Guiness book of world records?

a procedure for …… …..的程序。

procedure n 程序，步骤.

In appointing a new teacher, the usual _______ is to advertise the post first.

a feature b. procedure c. deed

d. habit

1.The Labour’s Day is coming , we will celebrate it on a large_________.

2.The books in the library are ______ according to the subject.

3. The strike _____ many unemployed people.

4.He worked hard and was _______ to manager in the company.

scale

classified

involved

promoted

classify identification

promote expense scale involve

accumulate essential reward deserve

5.It is _______ that you attend the meeting ,as you are supposed to give a speech there.

6.She _______ to be sent to prison .

7.He hired a plane , regardless of ______________.

8.The _______ of money , knowledge and experience is important in our career.

classify identification

promote expense scale involve

accumulate essential reward deserve

essential

deserved

expense

accumulation

classify identification

promote expense scale involve

accumulate essential reward deserve

9.One cannot _____ happiness and wealth.

10. A 1000 yuan ____________ has been offered for the return of the stolen painting.

identification

reward

Fill in the blanks with proper prep. or adv.

He is eager to learn . Namely , he shows an appetite _________ knowledge.

She is called Rose, which is named _________ a flower.

Comrade Deng Xiaoping passed_________ in 1997.

for

after

away

4.Joseph Banks was involved ________ enterprises (事业） such as the exploration of Africa and the settlement of Australia.

5. They fell in love _____ with the house ,first sight .

6. He was delighted to have been appointed ____ Chairman of the meeting .

in

at

(as)

About the text 1

True or False.

1.Before the 18th century, people hadn’t known how to classify plants.

2. It wasn’t hard to show how plants were related to each other before Linnaeus’s system.

3.At first sight, pears and apples are different but they belong to the same family.

4.Based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers , Linnaeus made the identification of the different species.

5. It was Linnaeus himself who promoted the new system .

6.Joseph Banks , Linnaeus’ student, travelled to England and met with Daniel Solander, who later ask him to join his team of botanical explorers on the ship Endeanvour in 1768.

7.James Cook was appointed as the commander of the ship on an expedition to Tahiti, the purposes of which were to study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun, to record and classify all the plants and animals observed during the voyage and to search for an unknown southern continent.

8. The British government paid all the expenses for the expedition.

9.Joseph Banks helped to develop the royal gardens at Kew into one of the greatest botanical gardens in the world .

10. In growing strawberries, Banks went back to the abandoned practice of spreading straw under the fruit to keep the necessary water for the strawberries.

11. It was Joseph Banks who laid the foundation of the science of Botany.

Before Linnaeus botany was _____.

A studied by doctors

B unknown to anyone c, fully developed

d. a branch of medicine.

2. Some economic plant species such as ____ could help to develop local economies.

A rose and peony b. Cocoa and hemp

C tea and apple d. Coca and lemon

Choose the best answer

3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research.

A Joseph Banks

b. Captain Cook

C Linnaeus d Daniel Solander

4. This text mainly tells us___

A the importance of botany .

B how to classify plant species into groups

c. Linnaeus’ contribution to botany

D Linnaeus’ discovery about different species.

5.Captain Cook made ____voyages altogether around the world.

A one b. Two c. Three d. Four.

Fill in the blanks .

As astronomy was one of the most important _______ of science, it was the British government _____ paid for all the equipment and expenses ____ that part of expedition . Since the government would not pay for such a new field of science ______ botany, Banks, _____ the age of 25, had to ______ about $ 10,000 of his own money to equip the _____________.

branches

that

for

as

at

supply

expedition

______ their three-year voyage, they not only study and describe new plants ___ they found , but also looked out _____ new economic species. Banks was the first _____ move crops from one continent to another on a large ______ , _________ to develop local economies with these new ______ . Some plants that were spread over the globe ____ this way include cocoa ,_____ and tea.

On

that

for

to

scale

helping

imports

in

hemp

About text 2.Wildlife and Garden Roses.

True or False

Darwin spent 6 years doing research on the scientific expedition on the ship Beagle.

The wildlife of the Galapagos Isles was worth paying special attention to .

Darwin collected and brought home all the plants found on the Galapagos Isles.

F

T

F

4.Darwin realised that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds in addition to plants.

5. Gregor Mendel ‘s research showed that many characteristics of plants were passed on from one generation to the next including the influence by the environment .

6. It was Turesson’s research that gave birth to the science of genetics.

F

T

F

According to Turesson , if plants were moved from one habitat to another , they would change their appearance and adapt to the new environment .

According to the three great scientists’ theories, only genetics is important to plants; nothing else could affect the output of crops.

F

T

Choose the proper answer.

The research by Darwin, Mendal and Turesson shows that ____.

A genetics is more important than the environment to plants.

B genetics is less important than the environment to plants.

C both genetics and the environment are important to plants.

D neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants.

2.Darwin observed that the birds with ___, would eat_____.

A small beaks, hard seeds.

B broad beaks, hard seeds

C hard beaks, hard seeds

D broad beaks , soft seeds

3. At the age of 22, Darwin joined the scientific expedition on ____

A the Endeavour b. Tahiti C the Beagle

d. space

4.Scientists of the 19th century believed that ___________.

A the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment.

B the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand.

C the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment

D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.

5.Darwin studied physics , chemistry and botany because___.

A he was invited to join a scientific expedition

b. He was interested in them

C he could do a lot of experiments

D he wanted to finish his book “ On the Origin of Species.”

Conclusion

---- that differences in habitat could lead to different species.

---that the environment had no influence on the appearance of species, but genes did.

---- the environment conditions in the habitat influence the appearance of species

The three scientist’s discoveries -------

Darwin ‘s discovery

Mendel’ discovery

Gote Turesson ‘ discovery

Discussion

That soil conditions are important to the output of crops was known more than 2,000 years ago. Why are Turesson’s discoveries still important to agriculture then ?

1)T’s findings show that improving the soil is not the only way to improve crops.

2)His research showed that plant species have natural varieties, which may be more or less successful on a poor soil

3)This means that careful selection of crops that are fit for poor soil may also contribute to a better harvest.

Correction

改错：

1.Darwin found 13 kinds of finches, relating to each other in the structure of their beaks , tails , shape of body and colour of their feathers.

2.Back home, in England, Darwin realised the differences in habitat lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.

3.He had found the key to explain differences between species.

4.When growing on a rock , the plant grows to a bush , have broad leaves and large flowers.

5.However, Turesson’s finding s show that habitat , such like soil conditions, is of equal important to the output of crops.

Grammar

１.　He denied _____ the money .

to steal b. to have stolen

c. having stolen d. to having stolen

2.She accused him _______

was late b. being late

c. to be late d. of being late

3, The teacher entering the room , we stopped ____ and began _______ the problem given by him.

A chatting to discuss

b. to chat discussing

C to chat to discuss

d. from chatting , discussing

4. Do you know where Our maths teacher live ?

-- Well , he lives in _____ is called Meiyan community.

a that b. where c. the place where

d. what

5. He never expected ___________ such a chance as going abroad for further study.

A there is b. there to be

C there being d. there were

6. He was delighted to have been _______ so good a suggestion that he got this book eventually .

A offered b. given to c provided

d. supplied

Can you imagine the trouble I had ______ the naughty boy?

A to look after b. looking after

c. for looking after d. to have looked after

8.Please give the book to ________ the teacher thinks can be interested in it .

A whoever b. whomever c. who

d. whom

9.Do you trust him ? Yes , altogether. I believe ________ he has said to me .

A however b. no matter what

c. whatever d. whichever.

10. I ‘d like to suggest _____________ enough experience for future job.

A him to accumulate

b. him accumulating

C to his accumulating

d. he has to accumulate

11.What do you enjoy _______ your weekends?

A to spend b. spending c. for spending

d. will spend

12. Can you think of ______ we can do more for our society?

A what b. how c. that d. which

13. Word had come____ some Americans guests will come for a visit to our college next week.a

a what b. that c. whether d. when

14. They asked the driver ______ in the darkness.

A how he had found the way.

B. how had he found the way

C how he finds the way

d. How does he find the way

Look , the teacher is still talking with him. Do you consider___ any use talking to him any more ?

a it b. his c. that d. the one