Unit 8 First aid
1.wash the wound 清洗伤口
apply some ointment 涂上软膏
sterilize with alcohol 用酒精清毒
bind up a wound 包扎伤口
suck out poisonous fluid from a wound 把毒液从伤口吸出
feel one’s pulse 按脉 take the temperature 量体温
press clean gause onto the wound 把干净纱布敷在创面
massage the chilblain area 按摩冻疮部位
2.休克处理
1.lay the casualty down, on a coat
or sleeping bag, if possible. Raise
his feet higher than his head. Loosen
his clothing, reassure him, and take
his pulse.
2. Cover the casualty with a coat
or sleeping bag. Check his breathing
and pulse rates, particularly if he
is unconscious. Be ready to resuscitate
him if his heart stops.
3.Artificial Ventilation
1)To ensure an open airway, first
clear the casualty’s mouth of obstructions.
Then place one hand under his chin and
one on his forehead, and tile his head
back.
2) Pinching the casualty’s nose shut,
damp your mouth over his month, and
blow steadily for about two seconds
until his chest rises. Remove your mouth
and let his chest fall, then repeat.
3)Listen for the casualty’s breathing
and check his pulse, ff he still has
a pulse, give 10 breaths per minute
until help arrives or the casualty is
breathing by himself. If the casualty’s
pulse has stopped begin artificial ventilation
with chest compression.
4. If you see someone drowning, speed
is very important. Once you get him
out of the water, if he isn't breathing,
you have four minutes before his brain
is completely destroyed. Support his
neck, tilt (使翘起)his head back and press
his chin(下巴)upwards. This stops the
tongue blocking the airway in the throat
and is sometimes enough to get him breathing
again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth
breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔) together
with your fingers. Open your mouth and
take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs
until his chest rises, then remove your
mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat
twelve times a minute. Keep doing until
help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep
your lips around his mouth and nose
and gently blow into his mouth. Give
the first four breaths as quickly as
possible to fill the blood with oxygen.
If in spite of your efforts, he starts
turning a blue-grey colour, and you
can feel no pulse (脉搏),then pressing
is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards,
pressing down on the lower half of the
breastbone. Don't be too hard or you
may break a rib (肋骨).Check how effective
you are seeing if his colour improves
or his pulse becomes independent to
your chest pressing. If this happens,
stop the pressing. Otherwise continue
until rescue arrives.