Unit 10 When was it built?

【例1】 关于一般过去时被动语态的构成和用法。

　　1) The League ________ in May, 1922.

　　A. found    B. was found   C. founded    D. was founded

　　解析：此题的含义是：“中国共青团创立于1922年5月。”由于中国共青团创立的时间是过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。“创立”是found, 它的过去分词是founded。

　　答案：D。

　　2) The photo ______ me by Li Lei yesterday.

　　A. was shown to     B. was to shown      C. was shown       D. was shown

　　解析：此题的含义是：“昨天李磊把照片给我看了。”含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，一般把间接宾语作为被动语态的主语，直接宾语的位置不变，也可以把直接宾语作为被动语态的主语，间接宾语的位置不变，但常在其前面加上介词to或for.

　　答案：A

　　3）Where did they grow vegetables?  (改为被动语态)

　　Where ________ vegetables __________?

　　解析 将主动语态的句子改为被动语态，首先要判断句子是什么时态，由于本句有助动词did。说明该句是一般过去时，加上vegetables作主语，是复数名词，改为被动语态要用助动词were。而动词grow改为过去分词形式grown。此两空格填were, grown。

【例2】 完形填空

  　　Many useful machines were __1__ by inventors. These machines have __2__ the world a lot. There are many great inventors in the world, and Watt was one of them.

  　　Watt was English. When he was a child, he liked to ask questions and he was always __3__hard. One day, he was sitting in the kitchen with his grandmother, he __4__ a kettle(水壶) on the stove(火炉). Soon steam(蒸汽) began to come __5__ the kettle and the lid(盖子) was shaking. Watt asked what was in the kettle. His grandmother said, “Water, my child.”“But I know there’s __6__ in it. It pushes the lid up.” said Watt. His grandmother told him that it was only steam. He asked his grandmother,“__7__ does the steam come up under the lid?” His grandmother said that it came from hot water. Watt said to __8__ ,“The steam will be much strong. It can push things. The steam will be much __9__ if there’s more water.”

  　　Later, Watt tried hard and made steam __10__ for people. He invented the first engine.

　　(   )1.A. sent       B. made       C. invented     D. worked

　　(   )2.A. changed    B. got        C. because      D. was

　　(   )3.A. playing    B. using      C. growing      D. thinking

　　(   )4.A. looked at  B. looked     C. saw          D. watch

　　(   )5.A. at         B. out of     C. in           D. out

　　(   )6.A. something  B. nothing    C. anything     D. wind

　　(   )7.A. What      B. How      C. Whether     D. When

　　(   )8.A. him       B. herself    C. himself      D. her

　　(   )9.A. stronger   B. strong     C. weak        D. weather

　　(   )10.A. working   B. to work    C. work       D. works

　　答案：1.C   2.A   3.D   4.C   5.B   6.A   7.B   8.C   9.A   10.C

　　解析：

　　１．这里说的机器是被发明的，而不是在生产或制造，故此题选Ｃ。

　　２．这些发明使我们的世界改变了许多，又由于是完成时态，所以选Ａ。

　　３．瓦特在小的时候就喜欢动脑，爱思考问题，而think hard 的意思是使劲地想，故此题选Ｄ。

　　４．瓦特看见水壶的盖子在动，而说“看见…”要用动词see,　故此题选Ｃ。

　　５．“从… 出来”的短语是“come out of”故此题选Ｂ。

　　６．瓦特认为是壶内的某种东西在推动壶盖, 故此题选Ａ。

　　７．瓦特想：水蒸汽是怎样在壶盖下出来的？故此题选Ｂ。

　　８．瓦特一边想一边自言自语，而自言自语的英文说法是say to oneself，故此题选Ｃ。

　　９． 从句义来看，水越多力就会越大，故此题选A。

　　１０.动词make 后面接动词时，要用动词原形，故此题选Ｃ。

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