Unit 20 Disability

教学建议

1.Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.

　　问：句中的副词hopefully在此怎么理解？另外，短语turn out是什么意思？应该怎样使用？

　　答：hopefully在此意为“有希望地、怀着希望地”，在口语中相当于I/We hope, 或It is hoped that ...。位于句首或句尾均可。如：

　　We all waited for the last bus hopefully. 我们都满怀希望地等着末班公共汽车。

　　Hopefully our team will win the basketball match.希望我们队会赢得这场篮球赛。

　　turn out意为“结果（是）、证明（是）、原来（是）”，强调结果，其后可跟to be，也可省略。如：

　　It turned out (to be) a fine day. 结果，那天是个晴天。

　　The enemy’s proposal turned out (to be) a trick.敌人的建议原来是个骗局。

　　2.He had to find ways that would make it possible for him to speak, read and write, ...

　　问：请分析一下这个句子的结构好吗？

　　答：这是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。ways后面是一个定语从句。该定语从句中含有这样一个句型，即：make(think, feel, find等)+ it + 名词或形容词（充当宾语补足语）+不定式。有时，不定式前可以由介词of/for引出其逻辑主语。如：

　　This made it necessary for the earth to support more people.

　　这就使得地球必须供养更多的人。（the earth为support的逻辑主语）

　　Some students find it very difficult to study physics. 一些学生发现物理很难学。

　　Lei Feng felt it his duty to help others. 雷锋认为帮助别人是他的责任。

　　3. In their personal lives, they also get married, have children, go out and meet people, play music and so on.

　　问：能解释一下get married和marry, be married 的用法吗？

　　答：短语get married和be married 虽然都是“结婚”的意思，但两者是有区别的。get是非延续性动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用；而be是延续性动词。因此不能说He has got married to Mary for five years, 而应说He has been married to Mary for five years. 或It is five years since he got married to Mary.

　　marry为动词，意思是“嫁、娶”，既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：

　　Jack married Jane three years ago. 三年前杰克和简结婚了。

　　He didn’t marry until he was thirty years old. 他直到三十岁才结婚。

　　Her parents married her to a doctor. 她父母把她嫁给了一个医生。

　　4. It is often thought that disabilities are total.

　　问：能帮我分析一下这个句子的结构吗？

　　答：这是一个含有主语从句的主从复合句。it是形式主语，that引导的从句是主语从句（即真正的主语），此处的连词that不可省略。类似的句型还有：

　　It is said that…；It is hoped that…；It is reported that…；It is well known that…；It is believed that…等等。如：

　　It is reported that five people were killed in the terrible accident.

　　报道有五人在这次可怕的事故中丧生。

　　It is believed that our team will win the match. 我们都相信我们队会赢得这场比赛。

　　It is well know the the Great Wall of China is the longest wall in the world.

　　众所周知，中国的长城是世界上最长的墙。

　　5. I seldom have any difficulties. 我很少有困难。

　　句中seldom为否定副词，类似的词还有hardly, rarely, scarcely, never等，它们有两个共同的用法：

　　1） 这些词语置于句首时句子要倒装。如：

　　Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们很少像住在这儿这样舒适。

　　Hardly/ Scarcely had the game begun when it started raining.比赛刚刚开始，就下起雨来了。

　　2）在反意疑问句中，陈述部分含有这些词时，疑问部分应应用肯定形式。如：

　　She seldom reads a book, does she? 她很少读书，是吗？

　　6.That is because this professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking, ... 这是因为这位教授得了一种病，使他不能讲话了……

　　prevent sb. from doing sth.意为“使某人不做某事”、“阻止某人做某事”。类似的词组还有stop sb. from doing sth.; keep sb. from doing sth.。如：

　　What can we do to prevent/stop this disease (from) spreading?

　　我们能做什么来防止这种疾病的蔓延呢？

　　注意：在被动语态中，介词from不可省略。用keep sb. from doing sth. 表达这一意思时，from无论在主动语态或被动语态中均不可省略。如去掉from, 则成为另外一个短语：keep sb. doing sb. 意为“让某人一直做某事”或“让某人一直处于某种状态”。试比较：

　　I could hardly keep myself from laughing. 我简直忍不住大笑起来。（不能阻止自己笑。）

　　You can’t keep the boy staying outside for a long time on such a cold day!

　　你不能让这个孩子在这么冷的天长时间呆在外面！（保持某种状态）

　　7. I love wearing silk; it feels so soft next to the skin. 我喜欢穿丝绸，贴身穿感觉非常柔软。

　　系动词是本单元重点之一。常见的连系动词有：

　　1）表示感觉的连系动词：sound, look, taste, smell, feel, seem等。

　　2）表示变化的连系动词：become, get, turn, grow, come, go等。

　　3）表示持续某种状态的连系动词：remain, keep, stay等

　　在使用这类连系动词时，要特别注意其后一般跟形容词作表语。如：

　　His explanation sounds reasonable. 他的解释听起来合情合理。

　　You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella. 雨天外出不带雨伞会淋湿的。

　　He remained / kept silent. 他保持沉默。

　　8. I look forward to receiving your reply. 我期望收到您的回复。

　　look forward too为一固定短语，意为“盼望、期望”，其中to是介词，其后要接名词或-ing形式。如：

　　I’m looking forward to going to your party. 我一心盼望参加你的聚会。

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