Unit 13 The USA

教学建议

教学教法：
　　进入高三下学期的学习，基本进入了全面备考状态。北京特级教师张铁城老师有如下建议：
　　1． 对近年高考题精耕细作，反对盲目的题海战术。
　　2． 不要单纯背词汇表，要把词汇与语法结合起来，要在具体语篇中记忆词汇。
　　3． 要多读多题材的阅读文，特别是现代生活中的热点问题。
　　4． 要增加听力训练的力度，充分利用高三课本资源。
词语辨析：
　　1.By 1820 the population of New York had grown to about 125 000, making it the largest city in the USA．
　　making it the largest city in the USA是分词短语作结果状语。动词make 意为“使成为”，接名词或形容词构成复合结构。如：
　　The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay．
　　Her husband died in the war, making her a widow with three children
　　2.In 1858 an area of poor housing, factories and farm buildings was torn down and Central Park was created, reaching from 59th Street to 110th Street and across three avenues．
　　1）tear（tore，tom）是动词，意为“撕开，扯掉”。短语动词 tear down，意为“撕下，拆毁”。如：
　　tear down a notice 撕下一张通知
　　tear down a dangerous wall 拆毁一道危墙
　　2）reach作“延伸”解。reaching from 59th Street. . . and across three avenues是现在分词作定语，修饰Central Park，相当于一个定语从句。
　　①现在分词作后置定语相当于限制性定语从句，表示主动的动作或动作正在进行。
　　Anyone swimming will be punished．
　　The road joining the two villages is very wide．连接这两个村子的路非常宽。
　　③现在分词的被动语态作后置定语（既表示被动，也表示动作正在进行）
　　The question being discussed is very important.
　　Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher?
　　3.In 1892 the age of mass arrival began, during which 15 million new people passed through Ellis into the USA. over a period of 62 years．
　　1）mass是名词，意为“大量，大批”，mass arrival是名词修饰名词，mass作定语。英语中名词修饰名词是常有的现象。如：
　　head teacher班主任 express train快车
　　news broadcast 新闻广播 welcome speech 欢迎词
　　time table时间表 orange juice 橘子汁
　　press conference 记者招待会 research project研究计划
　　power plant电厂 weather forecast天气预报
　　2）pass through为固定短语，含义为“穿过，通过，路过”，其中 through既可当介词用，也可当副词用。如：
　　He passed through unspeakable difficulties.
　　We're just passing through on our way to Shanghai
　　4.now that，due to，because of，owing to，since，as
　　1）now that．作“既然”时相当于since．突出事实性，而as作“既然”语气较弱。有时now that中的that可省去。如：
　　Now（that）you are well again，you can travel．你既然恢复了健康，就能够旅行了。
　　2）due to作“由于，因为，应归功于”时常作表语或跟在名词后。如：
The flight was cancelled due to the storm．班机因暴风雨停航了。
　　3）because of“由于，因为”只能引导副词短语，在句中作状语或表语。如：
　　Lincoln is admired because of his leadership．林肯由于出色的领导而受到人们的赞赏。
　　4）owing to“由于，因为”常在现代英语中与 because of，due to换用。如：
　　Owing to unfavourable weather，I was unable to carry on with it．由于天气不好。我不能把它进行下去。

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