Unit 15 Study skills

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Dreams 梦想
                ---Langston Hughes

Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想，                               

For if dreams die 梦想若是消亡

Life is a broken-winged bird 生命就象鸟儿折了翅膀   

That can never fly. 再也不能飞翔                            

Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想，

For when dreams go 梦想若是消丧

Life is a barren field 生命就象贫瘠的荒野，

Frozen only with snow　雪覆冰封万物不再生长

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WHATEVER LOVE MEANS—DIANA

　　Although neither or them remembered the occasion, Diana first met her future husband when she was just a baby. It happened during the winter of 1961, when twelve-year-old Charles, Prince of Wales, was visiting his mother’s Sandringham retreat.

　　At the time, your Prince Charles barely glanced at the tiny baby sleeping in her cot. After all, bow could a twelve-year-old boy be interested in babies?

　　But the Prince would eventually take a very keen interest in this particular baby —it would just take some time.

　　In fact, it would be sixteen years before Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer took place in the middle of a farmer’s field during a shooting party in November 1977.

　　It was a cold, rainy, bleak afternoon when sixteen-year-old Diana, dressed in a borrowed parka that was too large for her, boots, and blue jeans, crossed the field to meet the heir to the British throne.

　　It was almost twilight when the two came face to face near Nobottle Woods.

　　“What a sad man,” Diana thought when she first saw him. The future Princess was intrigued to finally meet the most eligible bachelor in England, thought she was not impressed with his five-foot-ten-inch height, thinking to herself that she would tower over him in high heels. But Diana would later say that she admired his beautiful blue eyes.

　　The Prince later remarked that he thought Diana was “a very jolly and attractive” girl, “full of fun,” though Diana herself believed that “he barely noticed me at all.”

　　Diana, it was discovered later, first came to the attention of the royal family when she acted as a bridesmaid for her sister Jane’s wedding that April. It was the first major social occasion that Diana attended as a young woman. And many of the royals were surprised at how beautiful and mature the once-gawky girl had become.

　　Even the Queen Mother. Prince Charles’s grandmother, noticed Diana’s beauty, grace, and charm. She complimented the Earl on the fine job he had done in bringing Diana up.

　　A short time later, Prince Charles sent his valet to hand-deliver a formal invitation for Diana to accompany him that very evening to the opera and a latenight dinner at the palace.

　　Though she was flustered, and the invitation came at such short notice, Diana accepted. She and her roommate, Carolyn Bartholomew, hurried to dress and prepare  Diana for her big date. The evening was a success, and an invitation to party on the royal yacht came soon after……

　　Although she was intimidated by the crowd at Balmoral, Diana was wise enough not to stay in the castle itself . She asked for, and was granted, an invitation to stay with her sister Jane and her young husband at their cottage on the Balmoral estate.

　　The Prince visited Diana there every day, offering to escort her to a barbecue, or extending an invitation for a long walk in the woods.

　　When Charles went to Switzerland for a ski vacation, Diana missed him terribly. He called her after a day or two, and told Diana he had something important to ask her.

　　He arrived home on February, 3, 1981.Three days later, he arranged to see Diana at Windsor Castle. Late that evening, while Prince Charles was showing Diana the nursery, he asked her to marry him.

　　To his surprise, Diana treated his proposal as a joke, She actually giggled. But soon she could see that Prince Charles was serious. Despite an insistent voice inside her head that told her she would never be Queen, she accepted his proposal.

　　Diana told Prince Charles over and over that she loved him.

　　“Whatever love means.” Was his reply.

爱就是一切——黛安娜

　　尽管两人已记不清那段往事，可当黛安娜头一次见到她未来的丈夫时，还只是个孩子。那是在1961年的冬天，当时年仅十二岁的威尔士王储查尔斯正呆在夏丁汉他母亲的休养所。

　　那时，年轻的查尔斯王子几乎看都没看那个睡在童床里的小不点儿。毕竟，十二岁的孩子怎么会对婴儿感兴趣呢？

　　然而，这位王子最终就是对这个婴孩产生了强烈的兴趣—只不过那是后来的事了。

　　实际上，查尔斯王子与黛安娜·斯宾塞女士再次相遇已是十六年后了。那次邂逅是在1977年11月的一次乡村狩猎会途中。

　　那是一个阴雨绵绵，寒风刺骨的下午，十六岁的黛安娜，身穿借来的一件过大的毛皮风雪大衣，足登长靴，下身是一件蓝色牛仔裤。她正经过这片狩猎场朝着这位英国王位继承人走来。

　　接近黄昏时分，二人在诺布托树木附近迎面相遇。

　　当黛安娜第一眼看到王子时，心里想：“一个多么忧郁的人。”尽管黛安娜对于他五英尺十英寸的身高并不心为然，觉得要是她穿着高跟鞋肯定会高过他，但这位未来的王妃还是期盼与英国最令人中意的单身汉见面。可是黛安娜后来说她很羡慕王子那双迷人的蓝色眼睛。

　　虽然黛安娜自己认为“他根本没注意过我”，但王子后来说道，他觉得黛安娜是个“快乐而迷人的”姑娘，“很有趣。”

　　人们后来发现，黛安娜第一次引起皇室的注意是在那年四月她姐姐简的婚礼上，当时她是伴娘。这是她成年后参加的第一个大型社交活动，许多皇室成员对这个当初还是个粗笨难看的丫头，现如今却出落成如此成熟美丽的女人颇感惊讶。

　　就连查尔斯王子的祖母王后陛下都注意到了黛安娜的美丽、端庄和迷人。她称赞伯爵对黛安娜的精心培养。

　　不久之后，查尔斯王子派随从亲手送给她一张正式的请柬，邀请黛安娜当晚陪伴他去看歌剧并出席午夜的宫廷晚宴。

　　尽管黛安娜感到局促不安，且请柬来得太匆忙，可她还是接受了。她与她的室友卡洛琳·巴赛洛缪，匆匆忙忙地梳洗打扮并为黛安娜做好了去赴这个重大约会的准备。当晚非常尽兴，不久邀请她参加皇家游艇聚会的请柬又接踵而至……..

　　虽然黛安娜对于拜尔马洛的众王族感到有些害怕，可她十分明智没有前往城堡。她提出请求，并得到批准，邀请她住在姐姐简和简的年轻丈夫在拜尔马洛的别墅中。

　　王子每天都去那里拜访她，要么提出陪她参加户外烤肉宴，要么邀请她去树林中进行长时间散步。

　　当查尔斯去瑞士作滑雪旅行时，黛安娜对他朝思暮想。查尔斯到那里一两天后就打电话给她，告诉黛安娜他回英格兰后，要问她一些重要的事情。

　　1981年2月3日他回来了。三天后，他安排在温莎堡见黛安娜。那天晚上，当查尔斯王子陪黛安娜参观育婴室的时候，他向她求婚。

　　令王子惊讶的是，黛安娜把他的求婚当作了一个玩笑。她咯咯地笑起来。但不久后她看得出查尔斯王子是认真的。尽管她的脑海中一直有个声音告诫她不要想着去当王妃，可她还是接受了王子的请求。

　　黛安娜一遍又一遍地对王子说她爱他。

　　“爱就是一切，”王子答道。

我 学 英 语 的 “诀 窍”
                               文/王跃

　　作者：王跃，南开大学88及国际经济系的学生，在近三年的大学英语学习中获得了令人瞩目的成果。1990年6月全国四级统考中获得满分100分，此后不久的TOEFL考试获663分的优异成绩，紧接着参加了GRE考试，获得2280分，在亚洲地区名列前茅，1991年1月参加全国英语六级统考，她是全国68573名考生中唯一获得满分100分的学生。

　　常有人问我：学英语有什么诀窍？说老实话，要想掌握一种语言，在缺乏必要的语言环境的条件下，实在没有什么捷径可走。概括起来，只有四个字：下苦功夫。我这绝对不是随便说说漂亮话而已。 凭我这几年学习英语的体会，只有日积月累，通过量变，才有可能实现质的飞跃。记得曾经有一段时间，在下了一番苦功夫之后，我仍感到自己的英语水平提高的太慢，于是就故意放松了几天。谁知等到再从新开始学习时，才明显的感觉到自己退步了许多。从那以后，我就给自己制定了这样一条座右铭：“拳不离手，曲不离口”，持之以恒。
　　学好英语，兴趣很重要。正如爱因斯坦所说“兴趣是最好的老师”。学习英语的兴趣大大激发了我的求知欲。有人说，英语水平高是将来找到理想的工作甚至出国的资本。 这固然不错，但除此之外，我更觉得，英语是一扇窗口，他向我们展示的是一片广阔的天地，一派新奇的景象。当我能够用英语同外国朋友交流，了解国外的社会、历史、科学和文化，并取得第一手资料时，我才真正的领悟了掌握一种语言的妙处。
　　学好英语，一套科学的学习方法是必不可少的。由于个人实际情况不同，生搬硬套是行不通的。 但我相信：只要仔细体会，逐渐摸索，人人都可以创造出一套有特色并且行之有效的学习方法。在这里，我想同大家谈谈我在学习英语过程中的一些体会，以供参考。 尽管在中学时我的英语基础不错，但刚跨入大学校门的时候，我还是深深地感到了自己的差距。 要具备一定的听、说、读、写能力，首先要掌握五千到八千词汇。而作为一个高中毕业生，我当时的词汇量真是少得可怜。于是，我决定把迅速扩大词汇量作为主要突破口。 有的同学喜欢背大部头的词汇手册，而我觉得这样做，既枯燥，又不利于灵活运用。我于是就把着眼点放到了阅读上，词汇与阅读齐头并进，产生了事半功倍的效果。 为了迅速扩大词汇量我从一开始就选择一些当时对我们来说难度偏大的阅读材料。上千字的文章，通常会有二、三十个生词。这些文章涉及的范围很广，包括了多个领域的词汇。
　　我通常采取“两遍阅读法”，即第一遍着重训练阅读能力，第二遍着重扩大词汇量并培养语感。起初进行阅读训练时，我参考了《Active Readers》这本书。 首先从提高阅读速度入手。集中精力阅读一篇长度适中的文章，记下起止时间，并计算单位时间的阅读量。迫使自己进行快速阅读，便成了我的习惯。 在第一遍阅读过程中，我将重点放在训练速度，掌握文章大意及基本结构上，并找出问题，以便进一步阅读时着重解决。 第二遍阅读的重点有两个：一是扩大词汇量。具体做法是：把文章再过一遍，查出生单词，记到小笔记本上，有时间就拿出来背。 背单词，我从不利用整时间。当学习别的内容效率较低的时候，对我来说，背单词最合适。每次背的时间不一定很长，贵在多次反复。 当时我使用的是英汉词典，因为我觉得英文解释不便于记忆。而在扩大词汇量的初期阶段了解词的释意最为重要。就这样，随着阅读量的增加，面的扩宽，我的词汇量也就突飞猛进了。 只是到了后来准备TOEFL、GRE等考试时，我才开始背词汇手册，并使用英文解释，以了解词的确切含义及使用的语言环境。
　　第二遍阅读的第二个重点在于培养语感。仔细地体会精彩的语言，留意词的使用以及搭配，对某些段落我常出声朗读，甚至背诵下来。 这样做，有利于加强语感；为写作打基础。通过这种两遍阅读法，所读内容在我头脑中留下的印象一般都很深刻，而且也提高了阅读材料的利用率。 我十分重视阅读材料的选择。不单从兴趣出发，相反，有意识地读一些自己不甚了解、甚至不大感兴趣的科普、历史、哲学等方面的文章。另外，针对不同的训练目的，我还选取了内容难度不同的阅读材料。 例如，进行快速阅读时，可以选择生词量较小、篇幅较短的文章；而重点在扩大词汇量、拓宽视野的阅读训练，就选择英美报刊杂志。此外，我还注重循序渐进，根据不同阶段自己英语水平的变化选择相应的阅读材料。 在听、说、读、写四个方面，我从“读”中受益无穷。通过有意识的大量阅读、一方面扩大了词汇量，另一方面培养了语感。而这两方面我认为是掌握一种语言的两大支柱。 至于听、说、写三个环节，我其实并没有经过什么特殊的训练。读的东西多了，词汇量足够大，语感足够强，只要多加练习，这三方面的能力也就自然而然的提高了。
　　在听、说方面，英文广播以及原版电影都是极好的传播媒介。另外，利用一切可能的机会同外国朋友交谈，并着力模仿，都颇有成效。至于写作，在阅读量还不足的初始阶段，我并不急于自己动笔写，而是学习、模仿一些经典篇章。 《新概念英语》第三册，还有精读课本中的一些精彩篇章，我都背过，并常利用早晨的时间大声朗读，或者收听广播。这样一来，耳朵里听到、眼睛里看到了地道的英语，久而久之，自己也就学会说、学会写了。 有人问我：怎样才能在各种英语测试中取得高分。实际上，我并没有什么专门的应试对策。在听、说，读、写能力逐步提高的基础上，只要稍微做一些模拟试题，了解各种测试特点，成绩就自然不会坏。 我认为，与其到考试前夕，搞题海战术，倒还不如踏踏实实、一点一滴的积累。 在我看来，学好英语的“诀窍”无非是苦干加巧干。因为我深信：功到自然成。

1.A man traveling at 130 miles per hour on the road was stopped by traffic police. " Sorry, officer." said the driver, " Was I driving too fast?" " No, sir. You were flying too slow." 　

2.Girl: Remember that vase you always worried I would break?
Mom: Of course. What about it?
Girl: Your worries are over.

3.David: Did you know that we are related?
Neighbor: Goodness, how can that be?
David: Your dog and my dog are brothers. 　

4.Patient: You say carrot is good for eyesight. Is that true?
Doctor: Certainly. Have you ever seen rabbits wearing glasses?

完形填空

　　In 1982, Mark Thatcher, the son of Mrs Thatcher, was reported missing in the Sahara Desert while competing in the Grand Prix Motor race from Paris to Daker. This sad news, so unexpected, shook the   1  calm and unhurried politician off her balance. Though she did her best to   2  as if nothing had happened and made her public appearances as usual, people could not fail to notice that she was no longer the old self-assured(自信心) prime minister who always had everything under   3   . Instead she bad become a very sad mother who was unable to recover  from her  4   .

　　One day, when she was to   5  at a lunch party, a reporter caught her off her guard by bringing up the   6  of her missing son again. She was totally mentally   7  for the question and lost her   8   . Tears were rolling down her eyes   9  she sobbingly(哭泣着) told the reporter that there was still no news of Mark and that she was very  10  about him. She said that all the countries concerned had promised to do their best to help her find her son. With that she   11   down completely and sobbed silently for quite a while. Gradually she   12  down and  started to speak as planned. It was a very   13   scene which exposed a new side of Mrs. Thatcher’s   14  the public do not usually see, so people began to   15  about the Iron Woman's motherly love, a feeling  l6  is common to all human race.

　　Later Mark returned safe and   17  to his mother's side, good-humoured and all smiles as usual   18  nothing unusual had    19   happened. The Iron Woman, however, broke down again and was   20   sobbing for the second time.

1.A. seldom　B. quite　C. usually　D. frequently    答案：C

2.A. talk       B. pretend  C . seem        D. look       答案：B

3. A. help      B. control  C. oppression     D. power

　　[解析]介词短语under control意为“在控制之下”。答案：B

4.A. shaking     B. dream  C. fear       D. shock

　　[解析]由开头句和This sad news shook the politician…判断出此空选shock 才能与句首呼应。

　　答案：D

5. A. speak       B. appear    C. pay    D. cook

　　[解析] 下文“to speak as planned”暗示此题空缺处应填speak。

　　答案：A

6. A. object       B. subject     C. report      D. announcement

　　[解析] 此处指记者缠住她提出了她儿子失踪的话题，也可从下文得知。

　　答案：B

 7. A. unprepared 　B . answering　C. eager　D. got ready

　　[解析] 词组be unprepared for (未作准备)中unprepared是过去分词在句中作定语。

　　答案：A

 8.A. son　　B. self-control　　C. balance 　　D. belief

　　 [解析]前句中mentally指“精神上”毫无准备，所以“失去自控”。

　　答案：B

 9. A. because　　B. that　　C. as　　D. thus

　　[解析]连词as意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。   答案：C

 10. A. eager　　B. curious　　C. afraid　　D. worried

　　[解析]词组be worried about sb. 意为“担心某人”。    答案：:D

 11.  A. broke　　B .fell　　C. quiet　　D. went

　　[解析] 四个动词短语中break down 指精神失去控制（突然大哭）。

　　答案：A

12. A. slowed　　B. turned　　C. calmed 　　D. broke

　　[解析]前文已叙述she sobbed silently for quite a while, 此空应填calmed才与and started to speak as planned相符。

　　答案：C

13. A. interesting　　B. moving     C. serious        D. merry

　　[解析]由上文可判断出，这种场面令人感动，从四个形容词义来看，只有选moving, 而且又能引出下文。

　　答案：B

14. A. character　　B. importance 　　C. thought　　D. position

　　[解析] 由上下文可判断出此空应选character，character 在此意为“品格，特征”。

　　答案：A

 15 .A. set　　B. worry　　C. think　　D. talk

　　[解析]四个动词都可以与about搭配，但其意义不同，此空选talk才与前后文章相符。

　　答案：D.

 16.A. it　　B. she　　C. this 　　D. that

　　[解析]that 引导定语从句，又在从句中作主语。　   答案：D

 17. A. healthy      B. happy    C. sound        D. voice

　　[解析]safe and sound 属固定短语，意为“安然无恙” 

　　答案：C

18. A. so that　　B. as if 　　 C. though 　　D. yet   答案：B

19. A. ever　　B. just　　 C. never　　D. yet

　　[解析]由句意“异常情况似乎没发生”，可判断出该空填上ever更加重语气。

　　答案：A

20. A. seen　　B. caught　　C. heard 　　D. made 　　答案：A

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