Unit 20 Gandhi

教学设计方案Lesson 77

Step 1 Revision
　　1　Check the homework exercises.
　　2　Get some Ss to read aloud their compositions.
Step 2　Presentation
　　SB Page 43, Part 1. Find out how much the Ss know about Gandhi, if anything. Put any useful notes and key words that arise out of this discussion on the Bb. Teach the new words govern, equality, racial discrimination, etc. Get Ss to talk about the picture and describe what they can see.
Step 3　 Reading for general understanding
　　Read the two general comprehension questions aloud. Allow the Ss enough time to read the text and write down the answers. Put them in pairs to discuss their answers, then check the answers with the class. (1 India and South Africa. 2 He became a lawyer; he won a victory over the Pass Law in South Africa; he won a victory over the law that did not allow Indians to make salt; he won independence for India.)
Step 4　 Reading
　　Wb Lesson 77, Ex. 1. Go through the exercise and make sure the Ss know what to do. Let them read the whole passage carefully and answer the questions, working in pairs or small groups. Check the answers with the whole class. This is a good time to deal with any language problems.
Step 5　 Reading aloud
　　Speech Cassette Lesson 77. Play the tape of the passage for the Ss to listen and follow. Play the tape of part of the passage once more; this time the Ss listen and repeat. Pay attention to stress and intonation, and the sentence stress of longer sentences.
Step 6　 Note making
　　SB Page 44, Part 2. Get Ss to do this exercise individually, so that every S has to make an effort to re-read the text and extract the relevant information. If it is done in class, get Ss to check their notes afterwards in pairs. Alternatively, if you wish, you can set this exercise for homework. In that case, get Ss to check their notes in pairs at the beginning of the next lesson.
Step 7　 Interview
SB Page 44, Part 3. To do this activity, Ss need to have completed 　　the Note-making activity in Part 2 of this lesson. Read the instructions for this interview activity aloud. Divide the class in half.
　　Half the class are going to play the roles of reporters; they work in pairs to prepare questions.
　　Half the class are going to play the role of Gandhi; they work in pairs to prepare answers to the questions. After five minutes preparation, Ss move and find a partner for the interview.
Step 8　 Workbook
　　Wb Lesson 77, Ex. 2.
　　Get the Ss to work on the exercise in pairs. Then call out some Ss to read aloud the completed passage in class.
If time permits, ask Ss to say something about the life of Gandhi.
Homework
　　Read the passage again.
　　Finish off the Workbook exercises.

教学设计方案Lesson 78

Step 1　Revision
　　1 Check the homework exercises.
　　2 Find out how much the Ss remember about the life of Gandhi. Get them to tell each other in pairs. If necessary they can refer to the questions in Part 3 of the previous lesson.
Step 2　 Presentation
　　SB Page 45, Part 1. Ask Ss for the names of any famous philosophers they know and write these on the Bb. Ask Ss to explain briefly what their beliefs were. Examples： Confucius, Buddha, Marx and so on.
Step 3　 Reading for general understanding
　　Read aloud the two general comprehension questions. Allow the Ss enough time to read the text. Put them in pairs to discuss their answers, then check the answers with the class. (1 If an unfair law existed, it was the duty of everyone to disobey this law, but without using violence. 2 The Indian customs following his death.)
Step 4　 Comprehension
　　SB Page 46, Part 2. Let the Ss read the whole passage carefully again and do this exercise. Let them check their answers in pairs. Check the answers with the whole class.
Step 5　 Comprehension
　　SB Page 46, Part 3. Get Ss to do this exercise individually, so 　that every S has to make an effort to re-read the text and extract the relevant information. If it is done in class, get Ss to check their notes afterwards in pairs. Alternatively, if you wish, you can set this exercise for homework. In that case, get Ss to check their notes in pairs at the beginning of the next lesson.
Step 6　 Reading aloud
　　Speech Cassette Lesson 78. Play the tape of the passage for the Ss to listen and follow. Play the tape of part of the passage once more; this time the Ss listen and repeat. Pay attention to stress and intonation, and. the sentence stress of longer sentences.
Step 7　 Workbook
　　Wb Lesson 78, Exx. 1 - 3.
　　Ex. 1 should be done in groups of four. Ss should be encouraged to give their own views to answer 'the last two questions. After the group discussion, ask the class the same questions again quickly.
　　Let the Ss work on Ex. 2 in pairs. Then get Ss to read aloud the completed passage in class.
　　If time permits, get Ss to say something about Gandhi. Each of them may tell some information.
　　After class they may write a composition about Gandhi.
Homework
　　Read the passage again. Tell Ss to complete Part 3, if this has not already been done.
　　Finish off the Workbook exercises.

教学设计方案Lesson 79

Step 1　Revision
　　1 Check the homework exercises.
　　2 Read aloud these sections of the previous text.
Pause at the gaps and invite the class to provide the correct prepositions.
　　He was interested… all spiritual matters and not only… the Indian gods. He read many books and paused… his work…six every evening…prayers, even when he was…other world leaders. One day a week he would spend the whole day…silence. All his life he reached out…the truths of spirits and gods.
　　All his life he paid great attention … the equality of women. Perhaps his greatest belief was … an Indian phrase which he called “the force …truth”. If an unfair law existed, it was the duty …everyone to disobey this law, but… using violence. People should be ready to go…prison…their beliefs, but they should never take up arms to fight.
Step 2　 Grammar study
　　SB Page 47, Part 1. Go through the Grammar study section with the class, getting students to translate the sentences. Do not spend time revising the simpler structures, as students should know these. Draw attention to any difficult points suggested below. If students have difficulty, do not spend too much time explaining. Instead, prepare a short revision exercise and produce it in class when you revise the grammatical category in the next lesson.
　　1　Point out that this structure is a “reported request”.
　　4 To choose is also possible.
　　5 Point out that the -ing form here emphasises the continuous action.
Contrast： I heard him shut the door.
　　8　 A fixed expression, meaning to start things moving.
Step 3　 Grammar practice
　　SB Page 47, Part 2. Explain that Ss must translate the sentences into Chinese. They should point out what is used as the Object Complement in each sentnece. Let the Ss work through the exercise orally in pairs, then check the answers with the class at the end.
Step 4　 Grammar practice
　　SB Page 47, Part 3. Go through the example with the Ss and check that they know what to do. If you like, point out the slight difference between these two structures：
Step 5　 Workbook
　　Wb Lesson 79, Exx. 1 - 3.
　　Both Exx. 1 and 2 practise the Object Complement. Read and translate the sentences in Ex. 1 into Chinese. For Ex. 2, allow the Ss some time to work in pairs. Then collect the answers from the whole class. Write down the English on the Bb.
　　To do Ex. 3 smoothly, go over the phrases in the box with the whole class, making sure that the Ss understand the meaning. Then collect the answers from the class. If necessary, translate the sentences into Chinese.
Homework
　　Finish off the Workbook exercises.

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教学设计方案Lesson 80

Step 1　 Revision
　　Check the homework exercises.
Step 2　 Preparation for listening
　　SB Page 48, Part 1. Wb Listening, Unit 20. Tell the Ss We're going to listen to a journalist talking about travelling in India. Then read through the task in Ex. 1 and make sure the Ss understand what to do.
Step 3　 Listening
　　Listening Cassette Unit 20. Do each exercise in turn. Play the tape, then let Ss discuss their answers in pairs. Play the tape again if necessary, then check the answers with the whole class.
Step 4　 Speaking
　　SB Page 48, Part 2. Check the forms： go through the expressions of determination, decision and insistence and check that Ss know how to form complete sentences. Write up some cues on the Bb： better quality / build the new factory / improve conditions for everyone / women are treated equally /find out the situation / everyone must join in the hard work together. Ask Ss to complete the expressions given in this part. Point out that these expressions are formal, and therefore must be used by people of fairly high status.
　　Demonstrate the speaking activity by taking both roles of the interview. If you like, you can start off like this：
　　I have decided to provide free education.
　　What other plans do you have?
　　We will provide technical training for all schoolleavers.
　　Why do you think that is important?
Step 5　 Workbook
　　Wb Lesson 80, Exx. 1 - 3.
Step 6　 Checkpoint
　　Go through the Grammar study section in the previous lesson. Revise the Object Complement, especially if any Ss had difficulties, and deal with any language points that you or the Ss wish to raise.
Step 7　 Test
　　Give the Ss the following test to practise the Object Complement.
　　Complete these sentences, using your own words.
　　1 Do you prefer your tea … or…?
　　2 Will you keep my … safe for me while …?
　　3 I find it surprising that ….
　　4 The officer made him ….
　　5 I consider it unlikely that….
　　6 He was so angry he called me “…”.
　　7 She was so tired, I let her stay ….
　　8 … left me in a difficult situation so I had to ….
　　9 I left him … -ing ….
　　10 I think I will let them decide ….
　　The test may include the following dictation. To make the dictation easier, the Ss may be given the passage with blanks. Let the Ss fill in the blanks with the italicized words after they hear them.
　　Mohandas Gandhi was born in India in 1869. *At the age of 19 *he sailed to England to study law.*
　　Then he became a lawyer,* and worked in South Africa for 21 years. * As he saw Indians badly treated there, *he decided to help them fight against racial discrimination.
　　After he returned to India, Gandhi led his people in the struggle against British rule. * They went on political marches. * Even though they were put in prison, *they insisted on fighting.*
However, * they never took up arms. * Gaudhi believed in the force of truth. *In the end *they won independence in 1947.
Step 8　 Writing
　　SB Page 48, Part 3. The aim of this writing task is to practise the functions revised in Part 2 of this lesson. Prepare for the writing task in the following way. Read aloud the instructions. Write up the headings on the Bb (Hours of school / Subjects, etc. ) and invite comments. Write ideas below the headings in note form. Then proceed with steps 1-4 given below.
　　1 Get Ss to discuss their plans in groups of four.
　　2　Ask them to make notes under the headings above about their future plans for their school.
　　3 Ss write the composition on their own or with a group.
　　4 Show their composition(s) to another group.
　　If the students work in groups of four, they can each take a couple of headings and write about those.
SAMPLE COMPOSITION
　　I have decided to start a new kind of school. First, I will provide free education for all students. Their parents will not have to pay for anything. I have decided that students will study for 6 hours a day, five days a week, but they will be able to choose the subjects which they want to study. I insist on this. I have decided to ask the government to provide enough equipment, especially computers. I think it is extremely important that all students today learn to use computers ….
Homework
　　Finish off the Workbook exercises.
　　Write the letter.