浅谈高中英语语法教学
浅谈高中英语语法教学
长期以来,我们对中学英语的语法教学一直存在着很大的争议,该不该进行语法教学,语法教学在英语教学中应处于什么地位,这一直是个焦点问题。其实,不重视或不进行语法教学是对语法教学的一种误解。我们在具体的教学实践中会经常发现:学生对语法结构模糊,从而导致他们在写作中语法错误百出,阅读中不能正确理解等等。现在提倡适当淡化语法教学,在近几年的高考中,针对语法的考察也的确呈现出淡化的趋势。但淡化不是弱化,更不是不教,而是化整为零,渗透到听、读、说、写的语言实践当中,在用中学,在用中领会,反过来指导学习者进行更为规范的语言实践。只会单词不会用语法进行运用,这怎么能叫学好英语了呢?因此我认为不管从学英语的环境来看,还是从高考试题改革形式来看,或者从学英语的目的来看,要学好英语必须学好语法,语法教学是英语教学中不可缺少的一个重要环节。那么在现在的形势下,如何进行语法教学,如何在语法教学中巧妙地设置教学任务就成为我们一个迫切需要解决的问题。
任务都是基于学生的心理、生理、认知水平来决定的。在语法教学中,我们应该根据学生的知识水平和心理特点以及发展的需要,来设计出符合他们的任务。学生有了具体的任务,就会使学习具有目的性,目标性,才会有学习的动力。根据多年的教学实践,笔者认为在以下几种情况下设置语法教学任务会取得比较理想的教学效果。
一、 充分利用学生的兴趣设置语法教学任务
兴趣是一种无形的动力,每个人都会对他感兴趣的事物给予优先注意和积极地探索,并表现出心驰神往。当我们对某件事情或某项活动产生兴趣时,就会很投入,而且印象深刻。我们可以充分利用这一特点来调动学生学语法的积极性。比如说,我们在学定语从句时,可以找一些学生感兴趣的歌手明星,或者一些学生喜欢的电影海报。老师通过定语从句来描述这些内容。也许学生并不能完全明白老师所讲的,但因为是自己感兴趣的,就会努力去捕捉每一个信息。老师可以趁热打铁讲解定语从句的细节,然后就这些学生感兴趣的话题进行操练。这样学生不但记住了定语从句的内容,还能在实践中进行运用,既巩固了所学知识,又锻炼了口语和文章的组织能力,真可谓一举多得。
二、 创设情景设置语法教学任务
学语法是件很枯燥的事情,如果老师一节课泛泛而谈可能老师累得气喘吁吁,,学生却在下面昏昏欲睡。语法教学所关注的并不只是语言形式或语法知识本身,而是人们在特定的场合及情境中如何运用语言形式来达到交流的目的。因而教语法不应只是在孤立的句子中机械地进行,而应把语法结构放在一定的语言环境中,让学生在实际的语言材料中去感知,理解,记忆。这样才能体现语法教学的交际性,从而使学生更有效地掌握语法,这应该是语法教学的最佳境界。比如说,我们在学一般过去时的时候,可以让学生讨论上个周末所做的事情,。因为比较贴近学生生活,所以他们运用起来不会很困难。再如我们在学将来进行时的时候,可以让学生畅想10年后的现在,他们正在做什么。每个人都对未来怀有梦想,所以我相信每个学生都会踊跃发言,运用将来进行时去描绘自己的梦想,这样老师就会在热烈的气氛中达到教学的目的。
三、 利用多媒体设置语法教学任务
科学技术的飞速发展使我们的教育事业发生了翻天覆地的变化,多媒体的使用使我们的教育如虎添翼。以前学生只能被动地接受老师所给的每一个信息,只能从听觉上去感知老师所讲的内容。有了多媒体,我们可以从视觉上,听觉上,甚至在学生内心深处,对他们产生刺激,从而留下更为深刻的印象。比如:虚拟语气一直是学生掌握的一个难点,我们在学习的时候,可以适当地配一画面帮助学生来理解,可以播放含有这个语法内容的影像片段。学生再遇到虚拟语气的时候,会不自觉的想起当时学习时的画面和情景,从而记起老师所讲内容。我们还可以利用多媒体同时展示相似的语法内容,比如在学现在分词和过去分词的时候,我认为最佳的途径莫过于通过习题,让学生在对比中掌握它们的区别和联系,这是传统的教学方法所做不到的。
四、 巧妙设置语法练习题来实现语法教学任务
语法是很抽象的东西,不是一个规律定乾坤。在我们有了语法的基本理论知识之后,必须依靠做题才能把理论和实践结合起来,也只有通过做题才能把语法当中的一些特殊用法记在心里。虽然我提倡做题,但并不主张让学生陷入没完没了的题海里。我认为以下几种练习题的设置方法可以巧妙地实现语法教学任务。(1)对比法 这种方法可以让学生清楚的认识到类似语法的区别和联系,使记忆更加深刻。(2)归类法 将同类的语法练习题归结在一起,通过反复练习让学生达到举一反三的效果。(3)对话情景法 为避免做语法练习题的枯燥无味,我们可以设置对话练习题,使语法具有一定的背景,这样便于学生理解,而且这种方法比较亲切自然,便于学生接受。
语法教学在英语教学中的地位是非常重要的,是英语教学的基础,应给予足够的重视,但语法教学决不是一日之功。作为教育者,我们应该在日常的教学中慢慢探索语法教学的最佳途径,并努力提高语法教学效率,使其更好地为提高学生英语交际能力服务。
Module four A social surver-my neighbourhood --Period three课时训练(外研版 必修1)
I. 同义句转换,每空一词。
1. The building he lives in is seven storeys high.
The building he lives in is a ______ one.
He lives in a building of ______ ______.
2. He has made the same mistake three times.
This is ______ ______ ______ that he has made the mistake.
3. He joined the army two years ago.
It ______ ______ ______ ______ since he joined the army.
4. They haven’t found a new way to solve the problem so far.
They haven’t found a new way to solve the problem ______ ______ ______.
They haven’t found a new way to solve the problem ______ ______.
5. Because of his carelessness, the experiment failed.
______ ______ ______ ______ his carelessness, the experiment failed.
6. You have passed the driving test. Congratulations!
Let us ______ you ______ having passed the driving test.
7. Is the dinner ready, Mom? I’m very hungry.
Is the dinner ready, Mom? I’m ______.
8. I keep in touch with my good friends by mobile phone.
I keep in ______ with my good friends by mobile phone.
I ______ with my good friends by mobile phone.
II. 根据括号所给的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. He ______________(已经有电脑) for two years.
2. ______________(到现在为止), I have finished one third of the task.
3. I ______________ (和他失去联系) for a long time; what do you think has happened to him?
4. We have several models of the latest design ______________ (供选择), so you can take whichever you like.
5. I needed to ______________ (摆脱工作压力) for a while.
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. In the past three years, he ______ (visit) the country twice.
2. Hello, I didn’t know you were in London. How long ______ you ______ (be) here?
3. Where and when to go for the holiday ______ (not decide) yet.
4. —What ______ (happen)?
—I ______ (lose) my key and can’t open the door.
5. I would love ______ (go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
6. All the preparations for the task ______ (complete), and we’re ready to start.
7. More than three-fifths of the tickets ______ (sell) so far.
8. I ______ (tell) that the meeting ______ (put off) because the president couldn’t come that day.
9. I ______ (work) in Italy for 5 years. I ______ (begin) work as soon as I arrived.
10. When Jack was at school, he ______ (learn) to play the saxophone. He ______ (play) it ever since.
11. Maria lives in Boston. Before she ______ (move) here, she had lived in Seattle for 3 years.
12. Just a moment! I ______ (not think) of a good idea yet!
13. She ______ (write) the email but doesn’t know how to send it.
14. Hurry up! The concert ______ (begin) and we are late.
15. —______ the newspaper ______ (arrive)?
—Yes, Ken is reading it at the moment.
16. ______ you ______ (smoke) a lot before becoming a non-smoker?
17. I’m tired. I ______ (not get) much sleep last night.
18. —Where ______ you ______ (find) that book?
—I ______ (find) it in the library.
参考答案:
I. 1. seven-storey; seven storeys 2. the third time
3. has been two years 4. up to now; till now
5. As a result of 6. congratulate; on
7. starving / starved 8. contact; contact
II. 1. has had his computer 2. Up to now / Till now / So far
3. have lost contact with 4. to choose from
5. get away from the pressure of work
III. 1. has visited 2. have; been
3. has not been decided 4. has happened; lost
5. to have gone 6. have been completed
7. have been sold 8. was told; had been put off
9. have worked; began 10. learned; has played
11. moved 12. haven’t thought
13. has written 14. has begun
15. Has; arrived 16. Did; smoke
17. didn’t get 18. did; find; found
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