NMET97阅读理解评析及解题技巧 论文

    NMET阅读理解试题是对考生综合运用语言能力的考查，它侧重考查考生准确理解语言信息和综合处理语言 信息的能力。所选文章信息量大，体裁广泛，题材新颖，且试题占分比例最大，分值最高。因此，阅读理解答 题的好坏直接影响试卷的得分。考生怎样才能在较短的时间内准确理解语言信息，推断一些隐含意义呢？笔者 认为，掌握正确的阅读方法是阅读的关键。
    一、通读全文，掌握大意（main idea）
    有些考生拿起文章便读，甚至逐字逐句翻译，结果读了很长时间却不知道作者写了什么，且不断地复视， 唯恐遗忘，这种读法耗时长，效率低。事实上，当我们在答阅读理解试题时，应该先通读试题（不包括选项） ，弄清考查点，做到心中有数，然后有针对性地通览全文，从整体上掌握大意，这是快速阅读中非常重要的一 步。在通览时，我们应该学会找出中心句（topic sentence），它是用来阐述文章主题，说明作者观点的句子 ，中心句多数位于段首或段尾，有时也位于文中。因此，在阅读时应注意文章的两头。找到了中心句，也就基 本上理解了文章的大意，以此为线索，采用掠读或扫读的方法，迅速找出 能够支持中心句的关键词、句，在脑 海中形成文章的框架，然后根据试题，进行部分细节阅读，这种阅读速度便会大大加快。例如NMET97阅读理解 B 篇短文如下：
    In the 1930s,a lot of people in the USA were out of work.Among these people was a man named
    Alfred Butts. He alwayshad an interest in word games and so, to fill his time, heplanned
    a game which he called 'Lexico'. However, he was notcompletely satisfied with the game,so he
    made a number ofchanges to it and,in time,changed its name from 'Lexico' to'Alph' and th en to 'Criss Cross'.He wanted to make some moneyfrom his new game but he didn't have any real c ommercial（商业性的）success.
    In 1939,Butts happened to meet a man called Jim Brunotwho showed an interest in the new
    game. The two men workedtogether on developing the game and in 1948 it was offered forsale i n the United States under its new name——'Scrabbl e'.
    At first,it didn't sell very well.In the first year itsold just 2,250 sets and by 1951 i t had only reached 8, 500sets a year.
    Then,in 1952 the manager of Macy's department store inNew York.Jack Strauss,happened to
    play 'Scrabble' while hewas on holiday,he thought it was a wonderful game and , whenhe wen t back to work after his holiday,he insisted the Macy'sshould stock（储备）the game and make
    an effort （努力）tocall the public's attention to it.
    As a result,'Scrabble' became a big success in the UnitedStates and it soon spread to Aus tralia and then to otherEnglish-speaking countries.
    1.The text is mainly about__________.
    A.'Lexico' B.three men
    C.a word game D.Alfred Butts
    2.Alfred Butts invented the game 'Lexico'________.
    A.to make himself famous
    B.to make spelling simpler
    C.when he was out of work and looking for a job
    D.when he was playing word games to pass the time
    3.Who made 'Scrabble' pouplar?
    A.Alfred Butts.
    B.Jack Strauss.
    C.Alfred Butts and Jim Brunot.
    D.Jack Strauss and Jim Brunot.
    4.When did Alfred Butts first put his game on the market?
    A.In 1939. B.In 1948.
    C.Before 1939. D.Between 1939 and 1948.
    四个题目均属于情节推理题，浏览完毕，读者脑海中形成以下轮廓。
    （1）out of work—Alfred Butts—interested in word games
    （2）after 1939—develop the game—for sale
    （3）not sell well by 1951
    （4）in 1952—Jack Strauss —call public's attention —became a big success
    文章属记叙文体，叙 述了文字游戏一“Scrabble”的起源发展及成功的历史，作者以时间为顺序，思路清 楚，考生若能掌握以上大意，结合试题，不仅解题速度提高了，而且准确率也大大提高。
    Key:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C
    二、仔细推敲，理解作者的写作意图
    在阅读理解试题中， 我们常常会遇到这样的一些题目， 如：“What can you infer from the pas sage? ”“What's the impliedmeaning of the underlined word?”“What do you think of...?”这些问题 均属于深层理解，它们的答案不是在文章的原句中可以找到的。因此，我们必须根据已知的内容仔细推敲文章 中相关的词、句及段落之间的逻辑关系，找出能支持作者观点的关键词并注意一些词在特殊语言环境下的特殊 意义，然后推断出文段中未直接写出的含义，理解作者的写作意图，得出正确的结论。
    例如：’97NMET阅读理解E篇
    America is growing older.Fifty years ago, only 4 out ofevery 100 people in the United Sta tes were 65 or older. Today,10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of thepopula tion will affect American society in many ways —education, medicine, and business. Quie tly, the graying ofAmerica has made us a very different society —one inwhich people have a q uite different idea of what kind ofbehavior is suitable at various ages.
    A person's age no longer tells you anything abouthis/her social position,marriage or
    health.There's no longera particular year in which one goes to school or goes to workor gets
    married or starts a family.The social clock that keptus on time and told us when to go to scho ol,get a job,or stopworking isn't as strong as it used to be.It doesn't surpriseus to hear of
    a 29-year-old university president or a 35- year-old grandmother,or a 70-year-old man who has b ecome a fatherfor the first time.Public ideas are changing.
    Many people say,'I am much younger than my mother—or myfather—was at my age.'No one says ' Act your age' any more.We've stopped looking with surpri se at older people who actin youth ful ways.
    1.It can be learnt from the text that the aging of thepopulation in America________.
    A.has made people feel younger
    B.has changed people's social position
    C.has changed people's understanding of age
    D.has slowed down the country's social development
    2.The underlined word 'one' refers to________.
    A.a society B.America
    C.a place D.population
    3."Act your age "means people should________.
    A.be active when they are old
    B.do the right thing at the right age
    C.show respect for their parents young or old
    D.take more physical exercise suitable to their age
    4.If a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a bigfirm,the writer of t he text wou ld most probably considerit_______.
    A.normal B.wonderful
    C.unbelievable D.unreasonable
    这是一篇以美国社会为素材的文章，作者意在突出美国人年龄观念的改变这一主题。四道试题均属于深层 理解，只要我们循着作者的思路，问题就会迎刃而解，作者第一段摆出事实“America is growing older”，
    然后提出这种年龄的变化“will affect American society inmany ways”—在第一段的最后提出了作者 的观点， 也就是文章的中心句one in which people have a quite different idea of what kindof behavi or is suitable at various ages.第二、第三段作者给出了一些例子，从两个方面即“public ideas are changing ”， “Noone says ‘Act your age’any more”进一步证明中心句， 作者在字里行间将自己观点 表现得淋漓尽致。
    Key:1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A
    在阅读中只要我们能够循着一些由关键词、句组成的文脉开掘，就不难识其主旨，理解隐深含义。
    三、注意体裁，选择不同的阅读方法
    阅 读理解题材多样，有日常生活、社会文化、人物、史地、政治、科技、经济等等，体裁不一，有记叙文 、应用文、说明文、议论文及新闻报道，考场上考生不仅知识面要广，阅读理解能力要强，还必须根据文章的 体裁选择不同的阅读方法，争取最快的阅读速度。
    例如：记叙文是用来叙述的一种文体，读者应该把握文章的主要线索、时空顺序及人物之间的相互关系； 议论文是用来表达作者观点的一种文体，我们应该找出论点及论据，理解作者的写作态度；应用文是一种实用 性与交际性很强的文体，我们应该采用对比阅读法，将题干与文章结合在一起阅读；对于新闻报道我们应该弄 清新闻事件的内容及日期、起因、经过、涉及人物及具体数字、结果及作者的态度。根据篇章结构采用不同的 阅读方法，阅读理解就会轻松得多。例如NMET97阅读理解A篇：
    JINTAN,JLANGSU:The 20 students—18 boys and 2 girls—had athousand reasons to be proud of
    themselves. They had justchimbed their way to the top rung （阶梯）out of 4 millionstuden ts taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng GoldCup Mathematics Contest on Tuesday eveni ng.
    The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middleschool students under the age of 1 4.
    'Many of the problems are of college level and thesepupils can figure them out.It is just unbelievable! 'said ateacher from Guangdong Province.
    Named after China's most famous mathematician,Hua Luogeng,the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. Inless than 10 years, it has been recognised by the StateEducati on Commission as the country's biggest and bestcontest of its kind.
    1.This news story is mainly about________.
    A.when the contest started
    B.how the contest got its name
    C.the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
    D.the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup MathematicsContest
    2.This news story most probably appeared in a newspaperin__________.
    ; A.1986 B.1987 C.1995 D.1997
    3.It can be inferred from the text that the teacher fromGuangdong Province_________.
    A.felt proud of the gold medal winners
    B.wondered if the students were honest
    C.thought that the problems were too difficult for thestudents
    D.believed that the twenty winners could go to study atuniversity
    4. The underlined phrase 'figure out' in the textmeans______.
    A.work out B.add up
    C.guess D.study
    这是一篇关于第五届华罗庚金杯数学竞赛的报道，试题涉及新闻本身内容及出版日期，说话者的态度及词 义猜测，文章开始报道20名中、小学生名列前茅，然后借一教师之口，写出试卷难度及说话者对中学生的敬佩 之情，最后一段报道华赛的起源、发展，意在突出新闻的内容是比赛，而不是20个学生获奖。
    所以，答案非常清楚：1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A。
    以上只是笔者浅陋之 见，希望对高三备考的学生有所帮助。