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Unit 19

Modern Agriculture

Welcome to my class!

1. over prep.

Key points in Unit 19

2. do you think

4. It is / was … that …

3. possible adj.

5. as ...as possible

6. where possible

7. bring in

8. depend on …

9. as well as …

10. protect from ...

11. a variety of

12. discovered by

13. before sowing

14. happen vi.

15. effect n.

16. times n. pl.

17. move around / about

18. too ... to ...

19. damage & destroy

20. make a decision

21. such as

for example

22. electric adj.

23.make use of

24. be harmful to...

25. stand for

26. in other words

27. go against

28. nearly & almost

Let's have a talk over a cup of tea.

1. over prep.

Will you be at home over Christmas?

Over the years he's become lazier and lazier.

Our farm has consistently gathered in good harvests over the past few years.

* The girls sang over their work.

Tom was so tired that he went to sleep over his work.

Key points in Unit 19

What is it, do you think?

2. do you think

e.g. Where do you think our English teacher comes from?

Who do you think the old lady is?

do you think / believe / consider / suppose / imagine / guess / say / suggest

be afraid /sure / glad / certain / surprised / pleased

Who are you sure will get the first place in the examination?

e.g. What can you guess made us so worried?

Where did they suggest we should go during the

summer holidays?

Who do you think will win in the game?

What time does the letter say he will start?

What was he afraid would cause his failure?

* --- I haven't heard from Herry for a long time.

--- What do you suppose _____ to him?

A. was happening B. to happen

C. has happened D. had happened

--- What do you think the ocean bottom is made up of?

--- I think it is made up of irregular plains.

or: It is made up of irregular plains, I think.

C

3. possible adj.

e.g. He arrived at the worst possible time.

mo

Money or life?

robbery

witness

Victim

police dog

The possible beginning:

Victim: Thanks to god, you’ve come at last!

Policeman: Let’s get down to the point. You reported

that you were robbed ,didn’t you?where

did it happen?

Victim: Right here.

Policeman: here?at the bank gate?

Victim: yes, yes, It was at the gate of the bank that

I was robbed.

…

Jia Sixie wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu around 540 AD.

It was Jia Sixie who wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu around 540 AD.

It was a book called Qimin Yaoshu that Jia Sixie wrote around 540 AD.

It was around 540 AD that Jia Sixie wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu.

4. It is / was … that …

Was it in the early 1990s ( that ) this happened?

that = who / whom

It was the village leader who decided what to grow on the farmland.

It is the people, not things that are decisive.

It is from the early 1990s that scientiste started to develop new techniques.

强调句型重点练习：

1）It was not until all the fish in the river died _____ the

villagers realized how serious the pollution was.

A. when B. before C. that D. where

C

The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died.

Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

评讲练习：

We didn’t begin our chemistry experiment until our teacher came.

Not until our teacher came did we begin our chemistry experiment.

评讲练习：

2) It was ____ our teacher came that we ____ our

chemistry experiment.

A. until; didn't begin B. not until; began

C. until; began D. not until; didn't begin

B

Hold your breath for as long as possible.

5. as ...as possible

This new method was brought in from the Western countries in the 1990s.

6. where possible = where it is possible

Fill in the words in the blanks where necessary.

Come to see her when possible.

7. bring in = to use the skills of a particular group or person.

We need to send the letter off as soon as possible.

Use an umbrella to protect yourself from the rain.

8. depend on …

The country depends heavily on foreign aid.

9. as well as …

Bill can speak English as well as French.

Tom is clever as well as healthy.

not only ... but also...

Bill can speak not only French, but also English.

10. protect from ...

He wore a pair of sunglasses to protect his eyes from the sun.

It all depends.

= After finishing your homework, you can help me with the farmwork.

11. a variety of = various, all kinds of

The shop has a variety of toys.

She showed a variety of flowers.

= She showed various flowers.

12. discovered by ... = which was discovered by ...

13. before sowing or planting crops, prep.

= before you sow or plant crops, conj.

After you finish your homework, you can help me with the farmwork.

* happen vi.

take place

break out

occur vi

14. happen vi.

Strange things are happening.

Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.

How did the accident happen?

It is said that the traffic accident occurred at midnight.

e.g. If anything happened to him, let me know.

The contest took place yesterday.

A fire broke out during the night.

* happen on / upon...

happen upon sb. in the street

* sb. + happens + to do sth.

It ( so ) happens + that - clause

I happened to be there when the fire started.

I happened to be at the station when he arrived.

Do you happen to know his address?

It so happened that the famous actor was her brother.

= The famous actor happened to be her brother.

* The conference had been held to discuss the effects of tourism ___ the wildlife in the area.

A. in B. on C. at D. with

15. effect n. C / U

have an effect on sb. / sth.

have a good / bad effect on sb. / sth.

e.g. It will have much effect.

Scolding sometimes bring about an adverse effect on a child.

The medicine had a good effect on me.

The children were suffering from the effects of the hot weather.

B

in Shakespeare's time

in Queen Victoria's time

the feelings of the time

16. times n. pl.

Times have changed, and we shouldn't fall behind them.

What wonderful times we live in!

We had terrible times during the war.

* time n. sing.

They moved about when they lived in the countryside.

17. move around / about

I can hear somebody moving around upstairs.

She is moving around in the dressing room.

He is a great traveller and has moved about all over the world.

They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.

18. too ... to ...

1) too + adj. / adv. + to do sth.

You are too young to understand such things.

The problem is too difficult for me to work out.

I've been too busy to find time to answer that letter.

2) too + adj. + to do sth.

表心情的 adj：ready, glad, pleased, surprised, delighted, happy, easy, easy, eager, thankful, anxious, willing, etc.

描述性的 adj：good, kind, true, etc.

He was too surprised to see how angry Mary was.

She will be only too pleased to help you.

3) only / but / all / simply / just + too ... to ...

They are all too satisfied to take the opinions of others.

English is not too difficult to learn.

4) not / never + too ... to ...

too ... not to...

She is too careful not to have notice it.

It is never too late to learn.

= You can never be too careful to ride in the street.

*5) --- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.

--- You can never be ____ careful in the street.

A. much B. very C. so D. too

D

can never + v. + too + adj. + to do sth.

（干某事）越...越好

They hope to destroy us one by one; they shall fail.

19. damage vi. & vt. 损害； 毁掉

Smoking can damage your health.

This lock is damaged . This door will never open.

China damages easily.

n. C damage to

Frost caused heavy damage to the crops.

His careless remark did damage to his reputation.

What's the damage? = cost

* destroy vt.

Many lives were destroyed by the earthquake.

An explosion destroyed the building.

make money / make good money

make war

20. make a decision

= arrive at / come to / reach / take a decision

* make an attempt

make a change

make a demand

make an effort

make a face / faces

make a fire

make a guess

make a meal

make a mistake

make a noise

make progress

make a request

make a statement

Many great men have risen from poverty ---Lincoln, for example.

21. such as

for example

I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.

He knows several languages , such as English, French and German.

I have three friends, that is / namely, John, Jack and Tom.

Some students, for example, John lives in the neighbourhood.

an electrical fault in the system

22. electric adj. 电的；导电的；能发电的；充电的；用电的；电动的。

1）可发电的东西； 2）直接靠电力操作或由电力产生的东西，尤指那些也靠其他动力操作的东西。

an electric generator / clock / light / wire / shaver / torch / vehicle / bike

As a boy Edison was always making things, and most of them were electric.

* electrical adj. 1) = electric

2)电器科学的；与（用）电有关的；指人及其工作，或指与电力有间接联系的事物。

an electrical engineer

out of use

find a use for

23.make use of

make full / good / the best use of

You should make the best use of this chance.

He made use of his free time to learn French.

You should make full use of time.

He does not do well because he doesn't make the most / best of his ability.

be in use

be of great use

put ...to use

come into use

get use of

have no use for

with use

* be + adj. friendly, next, good, polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, married, close, near, similar, due + to

24. be harmful to...

Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.

Much of this waste is harmful to the environment.

* do ... harm = do harm to ...

The typhoon did great harm to the rice crop.

He didn't want to do her any harm.

We stand firmly for peace against war.

25. stand for

1) 代表，象征

In this secret code each number stands for a letter of the alphabet.

2) 容忍、容许 （常用于否定句中）

I will not stand for behaviour of that kind in my house.

3）拥护，为......而斗争

26. in other words

In other words, she must give up singing.

I'm not used to the way you speak to me. In other words, I don't want to continue our conversations.

Beethoven wrote many world-famous musical compositions.

In other words, he was a great musician.

* in word 在口头上， 句末，句中

in words 用语言（来表达）， 句末

in a / one word 简言之，总之， 句首，句中

I don't want you to tell me only in word that you will study hard.

* Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard --- _____ , you failed.

A. in the end B. after all

C. in other words D. at the same time

C

You don't know how wonderful it is. It can't be described in words.

In a word, we must do our best to do the work.

The game is going against the visiting team.

27. go against 1) 违背,违反

She went against her father's will.

It goes against my wishes to leave the country.

If you go against nature, you will be punished sooner or later.

2) 对......不利

Luck has gone against him.

The case may go against us.

* almost 比 nearly 所表示的意思更加接近.

28. nearly adv. 几乎,差不多, 一般情况下可和 almost 互换, 常用来修饰表示感觉、心境的动词和形容词,也可用来指时间、 空间、程度的相差无几。

He almost / nearly knocked me down before he saw me.

Tom almost / nearly didn't hear what I said.

My sister almost / nearly always goes to school at 7 o'clock.

D. very, pretty, not + nearly.

* 辨析: nearly 和 almost

A. 在表示思想状况和情感时, 同常用 almost 而不用 nearly。

B. almost + no, nothing, none, never, nobody, nowhere 等表示否定意义的词,不能用 nearly。

C. almost + too, more than, 不能用 nearly。

* --- Did you hear his talk?

--- Yes, but he said ____ worth hearing.

A. almost nothing B. almost everything

C. nearly anything D. nearly nothing

You can almost imagine you were in Switzerland.

The speaker said almost nothing worth listening to.

There is almost more than we feared.

There is not nearly enough money for a new car.

A

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