以下为课件内提取的文本内容，仅供参考：

一.相关概念

1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。

2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾

语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。

3.名词性从句：

在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主

语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，

这个句子就叫名词性从句。

4.名词性从句的种类：

根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，

名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表

语从句和同位语从句。

1.When we will start is not clear.

2.Mrs Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.

3. My idea is that we should do it right now.

4.I had no idea that you were her friend.

主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

名词性从句的种类

1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分

1). That he will succeed is certain .

2) Whether he will go there is not known .

3) What he said is not true .

4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .

5) Whoever comes is welcome.

6) It’s certain that he will succeed .

7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.

8)When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.

It 的用法： （形式主语）

It’ possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…

It’ said/ reported… that..据说/据报道…

It’s been announced/declared that..已经通知/宣布…

It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、 碰巧..

It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…

It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）

/ a common saying….（俗话说）

1).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.

2).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.

例:

注意点

2.用if 或whether 填空

1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.

2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.

3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.

whether/if

whether

whether

4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.

5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.

6._______ you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you.

归纳:

a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if ；

b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用whether

whether

whether

If

It is well known /reported / thought/said… that…

It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtful…that…

It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that…

It doesn’t matter whether…

It seems that…

It happens that…

2. 宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）

连词：that, whether，if （ that 常可省略）

who, what, which, whoever, whatever,

when where why how

1). They know that the habit will kill them.

2).It all depends on whether they will support us .

3) He asked how much I paid for the violin.

4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .

5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.

1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句

a..当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.

eg: I don’t know whether I will

stay or not.

b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.

eg: I worry about whether I hurt

her feeling.

注意

2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留

a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that

从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.

eg: We must make it clear that we

mean what we say.

b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导

的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.

eg: He told me（ that） he would come

and that he would come on time.

3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。

连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导 表语从句)

连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what

连接副词：when / where / why / how / because

The question is whether we can rely on him.

That’s because we were in need of money at that time .

He looked as if he was going to cry .

That’s why I was late .

另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：

填空:1.The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．

2.The reason ____ he gave for his absent is ______ he was ill.

reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。

注 意：

在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。

一般情况下，“that”不能省。

It is /was because ….

It is /was why….

3. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that….

4 The reason is because /why…

that ….

4 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.

同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether

1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .

2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .

3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.

1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact

worries their parents and teachers a lot.

2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in

China./ We heard the news last night.

_______

The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet

worries their parents and teachers a lot.

_________

We heard the news last night that the Queen of

England was on a three-day visit in China.

4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for

the idea.

5.Chinese students should be given more free time./

The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially

kids in school.

3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./

Many British parents hold the view.

_______

Many British parents hold the view that teenagers

shouldn’t spend too much time online.

________

There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel

is possible.

____________

__________________________________________

The suggestion that Chinese students should be given

more free time is welcomed by many people, especially

kids in school.

引导名词从句的关联词。

分析下列宾语从句中的连词

I don’t doubt （that ）you will succeed.

I don’t know whether/if he will come tonight.

I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.

3个句子中的连词that, whether, if （是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词

注意：a. that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。 B. whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if 仅可以用于宾语从句。

连接词

II. Choose the best answer

1.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.

A. which B. that C. whom D. when

2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.

A. that B. which C. when D. what

3.I have no idea ____he will come back.

A. where B. when C. what D. that

4.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.

A. that B. when C. what D. how

5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.

A. what that B. that which

C. that what D. which that

6.Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.

A. what B. whether c. that D. which

7.The question is ____the film is

worth seeing.

A. if B. what C. whether D. how

8.They received orders _____ the work

be done at once.

A .which B. when C. / D .that 9.The reason ____ I have to go is ____

my mother is ill in bed.

A .why; why B. why; because

C. why ; that D. that; because

10. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.

A. What; why B. Which; how

C. That; why D. What; because

11. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.

A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if

12. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.

A. which B. where

C. what D. that

13. I have the information ____.

A. of what he’ll come soon

B. that he’ll come soon

C. of that he’ll come soon

D. his coming soon

14. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.

--- ____ it made me nearly mad.

A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break

15.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time.

A.how B. that C. when D. what

16.--- Can I help you?

--- Yes, do you know ____?

A. when comes the bus

B. when will come the bus

C. when does the bus come

D. when the bus comes

17. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.

A. that B. if C. what D. that if

18. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.

A. what; that

B. it; that

C. what; when

D. which; what