Unit 18 Seeing the doctor

看病须知

　　看病一般包括医生问诊，述说病情，检查诊断，开药方和医嘱等几项内容。
　　1．医生询问病情时常说：
　　What’s wrong (the matter) with you?
　　What’s your trouble? （你怎么啦？）
　　What hurts you? （你有什么不舒服？）
　　Are you feeling all right (well)? （你感觉好吗？）
　　How bad is it? (厉害到什么程度？)
　　How long have you had it? （你得这毛病多久了？）
　　How’re you feeling now? （你现在感觉怎样？）
　　How’s your sleep? （你睡眠怎样？）
　　What seems to be the trouble(problem, matter)? （大概什么毛病？）
　　2．病人向医生表述病情时常说：
　　Something is wrong with my head. （我的头有毛病。）
　　I’ve got a cough.（我咳嗽。）
　　I feel terrible(bad). （我觉得很难受。）
　　I don’t feel well. (我感到不好受/不舒服。)
　　I’ve got a pain here. (我这儿疼。)
　　I feel so ill/ tired.（我很难受/感到疲乏。）
　　My foot hurts.（我脚疼。）
　　I’m running a fever(a temperature. ) (我在发热。)
　　I’ve been losing sleep.（我一直失眠。）
　　I have a headache.（我头疼。）
　　I’ve got a pain on my back.（我背疼。）
　　I don’t feel like eating anything.（我什么也不想吃。）
　　It came on (started) two days ago.（两天前开始的。）等。
　　3．医生检查病人的病情时常说：
　　Open your mouth, please, and say “Ah”. （张开嘴，说“啊”。）
　　Let me listen to your heart and lungs. （让我听听你的心肺。）
　　Let me take your temperature. （让我给你量体温。）
　　Any pain here? （这儿疼吗？）
　　How does it feel? （感觉怎么样？）
　　4．医生作诊断结论或给医嘱咐时常说：
　　Take this medicine three times a day. （这药一天服三次。）
　　Drink plenty of water and have a good rest. （多喝水，好好休息。）
　　It’s nothing serious. （没有什么严重的。）
　　You’ll be all right/ well soon. （你很快就会好的。）
　　One tablet each time, three times a day after meal. （每日三次，每次一片，饭后服用。） You’ll get it over soon. （你不久就会康复的。）

英美国家的医疗保险制度

　　在英国、加拿大和澳大利亚都设有政府主办的医疗保险，这种保险制度下的方案适用于它们所有居民。在这些国家医疗服务费用比较公道，而且服务范围广，不仅包括门诊还包括住院、口腔科服务等方面。
　　例如，在英国所有的人都能得到低价的治疗。如果一个人想看病，他可到一所国家医疗保健医院就诊，也可直接到那些曾在国家医疗保健医院接受专门训练的医生处接受治疗。一旦他们选中自己的医生，他们便在那位医生处登记注册并可接受治疗。
　　还有一些医生开设私人诊所(clinic)。如果病人需要更快、更专门化的护理，他们只需另外付一些钱便可接受护理。
　　在美国却不同。美国除了对老人或特别贫困的人办理健康保险，其他居民没有现成的保险，他必须自己买保险或通过工作接受保险。
　　美国的健康保险多种多样。但多数情况下，病人都需付钱，而且保险公司一般只为保险人担负所有费用的70%到80%，且每年起初的200美元保险公司不予支付。
　　美国的医疗费用高得惊人，因而有必要买保险。然而许多人却没有购买保险，那是非常危险的，因为即使一个病人病得相当严重时，如果他没有参保，医院一般是不会为他治疗的。

歌诀巧记“enough”

　　Enough词性有三个，
　　用作代词好掌握。
　　定语形容修饰名，
　　名词前后由你定。
　　副词状语表程度。
　　定在形、副后边行；
　　若是用在形、副前，
　　Enough位置准错用。
　　注：用作代词：作主语或宾语。如：
　　1. Enough has been said on this subject. 关于这个问题我说得够多的了。
　　2. You have done more than enough. 你已做得够多了。
　　3. I have had enough. Thank you. 我吃的已经够多的了，谢谢。
　　形容词作定语：enough用在名词前、后都可以。又如：
　　4. I have enough time to do the work. / I have time enough to do the work. 我有足够的时间做此项工作。
　　用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度：enough一般放在形容词或副词的后边。如：long enough, easy enough, fast enough, quickly enough等。但一般不说：enough long, enough easy, enough fast, enough quickly.
　　5. The boy is old enough to do to school. 这孩子到上学的年龄了。
　　6. He couldn’t run quickly enough to catch up with the cat. 他跑的速度太慢，追不上猫。
　　用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。如：
　　7. The meat is not cooked enough. 肉炖得不够熟。

Florence Nightingale

　　Florence Nightingale was born in a rich family. When she was young she took lessons in music and drawings, and read great books. She also travelled a lot with her parents.
　　As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them.
　　At last she made up her mind. “I'm going to be a nurse,” she said.
　　“Nursing isn't the right work for a lady,” her father told her.
　　“Then I will make it so,” she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France.  When she returned to England, she started a nursing home(学校) for women.
　　During the war in 1854 she went with a group of thirty-eight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen. But the brave nurses went to work.
　　After war she returned to England and was honoured (给以荣誉) for her services (服务) by   Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health and it was printed in several countries.
　　Florence died at the age of ninety. At that time she was still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we honour nurses today.
　　David P. Edstrom, 1937. Lincoln Park/El Parque de Mexico, Los Angeles. Cast Stone. Text from the plaque on the sculpture: "Of the vast throng passing from the mystery of birth to the mystery of death, certain ones so live that their deeds become impressed upon the memory of the Race. AMONG THOSE WE NAME FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE whose life has been, is today and will ever continue to be, a mighty influence against Man's cruelty to Man. To her memory this statue symbolizing the protection of the flame of life is dedicated and to all those following in her footsteps in the care of the sick." Florence Nightingale by David Edstrom, 1936-37. Erected by the Federal Art Project and sponsored by the Hospital Council of Southern California.

Norman Bethune

　　Norman Bethune was a unique Canadian. His efforts as a humanitarian during times of war in Spain and China have earned him hero status around the world. These efforts also helped form diplomatic relations between Canada and China, Spain, and Russia when there weren't previously any.

　　Bethune, known as Bai Quien to the Chinese, worked as a medic in the Sino-Japanese War. He trained thousands of inexperienced Chinese to become medics and doctors. Bethune's mobile blood unit proved very successful and saved the lives of many soldiers.

Early hospitals

　　Have you ever been to a hospital? Were you born in a hospital? When did people start going to hospitals?
　　The word hospital comes from the Latin word hospitals, which means a house for guests. Buddhists in India started the first hospital 2500 years ago.
　　About 2000 years ago, hospitals began to be built in Europe. They were for sick or tired travelers and for the poor, the blind and the crippled. For hundreds of years, hospitals mainly took care of people who were too poor or too sick to be at home. Doctors did not work in the hospitals. They treated most patients in the patients’ homes.
　　Early hospitals were dirty, crowded, and dark. People didn't know that dirty places could make people sick. In these hospitals, many people got sick because the hospitals were so dirty.
　　In 1860, Florence Nightingale started the first school for nurses in London, England. Nurses helped to keep the patients and the hospitals clean.
　　With nurses taking care of the patients, hospitals became much better. Florence Nightingale was called “The Lady of the Lamp” because she would walk the halls of the hospital at night with her lamp to take care of the patients.

　　Words
　　Buddhist  佛教徒
　　cripple   跛子；有缺陷的人
　　treat     治疗
　　European  欧洲（的）；欧洲人（的）

健康英语谚语集锦

　　1. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有又聪明。
　　2. Laughter is the best medicine. 笑是最好的良药。
　　3. Diet cures more than the doctor. 合理饮食胜过良医。
　　4. Health is happiness. 健康就是幸福。
　　5. Care killed the cat. 忧虑伤身。
　　6. After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. 饭后百步走，活到九十九。
　　7. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一只苹果医生不找我。
　　与“sheep”有关的习语
　　2003年是羊年，吉祥美好，下面介绍几则与“sheep”有关的习语，供大家学习。
　　sheep without a shepherd 乌合之众
　　separate the sheep from the goats 明辩好坏，区分好人和坏人
　　Lose the sheep for a half a half – pennyworth of tar. 因小失大；贪小失大。
　　There is a black sheep in every flock. 到处有害群之马。
　　wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼
　　As well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb. 一不做，二不休。
同类归纳记英语单词
　　把同一类物品名称归纳在一起共同记忆，它能提高单词的复现率，大大地增加词汇量。①把一些常用的有关学习及其用具的词放在一起。如：learn, study, book, students’ book, science book, teachers’ book, bag, pen, pencil, pencil-box, knife, ruler, eraser等。
　　②人体部位的词。如：hair, head, eye, nose, face, ear, mouth, neck, back, hand, leg, foot等。
　　③表示球类名称的词。如：basketball, volleyball, football, handball, baseball（棒球），ice hockey（冰球），water polo（水球），golf（高尔夫球），bowling（保龄球），cricket（板球），softball（垒球），snowball（雪球），tennis ball（网球）等。
　　④表示衣物的名词。如：coat, sweater ,trousers, raincoat, T-shirt（T恤衫），blouse（女衬衫），jacket, shirt, dress（连衣裙）等。
　　⑤表示颜色的形容词。如：red, yellow, green, black, blue, white, orange（橙色的），brown（棕色的），light green（浅绿色），dark blue（深蓝色）等。
　　⑥节目：New Year’s Eve（除夕），Spring Festival（春节），New Year’s Day（元旦），May Day（五一节），Women’s Day（妇女节），Children’s Day（儿童节）, Mid-Autumn Day（中秋节），National Day (国庆节)，Christmas Day（圣诞节），Teachers’ Day（教师节）等。
　　⑦国家：China, USA, Japan, France, Russia, England, Canada, Australia, New Zealand（新西兰）等。
　　⑧学习课程的名词：Chinese, maths, English（语、数、外）；physics, chemistry, politics（理、化、政）；history, geography, biology（史、地、生）；music, P.E., art（音、体、美）等。
　　⑨星期：Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.
　　⑩月份：January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

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