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Unit 6 Mainly revision

作者:未知来源:中央电教馆时间:2006/4/17 20:29:53阅读:nyq
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教学建议

Unit 6 Mainly Revision

关于教材内容的分析

  本单元是复习单元,我们除了要复习前5单元中的日常交际用语、重点词汇外,还要复习、归纳所学的语法项目:现在完成时态和宾语从句。

  首先,课本采用了相对集中的呈现方式,在经过前几个单元的学习,对时态的结构及其功能均有了一定了解的基础上,围绕“Under the sea”展开教学的。而现在完成时态对于初中学生而言,实在是一个较为难于掌握的语法项目。在本单元复习的课堂教学活动中教师更应注重这一时态的强化,主要强调学生建立一个清晰的概念,并能将现在完成时和一般过去时态的用法区别开来,使得学生建立起现在完成时态从其本质意义上讲,是属于现在时态的范畴的观念。

  第二,进一步学习了宾语从句的用法,同时又为我们日后学习不定式作好了准备。应当加强学生对于宾语从句的复习,宾语从句在初中阶段的英语教学中,是一项十分重要的教学项目,学生在理解与应用这一语法项目时都存在着一定的困难。

  其三,本单元是进一步学习了how to get information on computer。对于前六个单元中所出现的有关功能意念句型也应当在本单元中作一些完整的归纳。

  另外,通过本单元的学习,我们要明白海洋对我们人类的重要性,人类与自然的和谐相处,才为最高境界。

本单元句型和日常交际用语

 1. 本单元句型

  What happened?

  What’s happening?

  --- When are they going to return?

  --- I think they’ll return next week.

  This is because…

  It was called…

  be amazed at…

  Where else can I find such information?

  It seems that…

  It is said that…

 2. 表示“喜欢做……”或询问偏爱时用语

  Do you like living here/…?

  I prefer…to…

  He’d prefer them not to …

  Do you prefer… to…?

  Would you rather…(or…)?

  Which would you prefer, … ?

  What’s your preference?

  What about your preference?

  Do you like… better?

  I’d prefer/ rather to (do) …than (do) …

  I would (do) … rather than (do) …

  I’d like (to)....

  I’d go for…

  My preference / choice would always be…

  If it is up to me, I’d…

关于听说读写训练的教学建议

  一、有关听力训练的教学建议

  在教学本单元的过过程中,可以充分运用课本提供的对话和课文素材开展听力的教学活动。还可以进行一些独立测试的练习以加强学生的听力的适应性。可参考本单元媒体素材中准备的听声音选图画的听力练习题和短文听力测试题。

  二、有关口语训练的教学建议

  这个单元作为复习单元,在进行口语复习时,应当适当的设计一些情景,让学生在情景中进行活动,以加强活动的实效性。不能简单的停留在动动口的基础上,还应当让学生动笔来编写一些对话,然后再进行口头的练习。可以设计以下情景:

  1. 一位同学向另外一位同学借一个橡皮擦,要征得他的允许。

  2. 一位同学想邀请另外几名同学到家里来做客,家里的椅子不够,想到邻居家去借几把椅子。

  3. 一位同学想去动物园玩,征求父亲的意见,父亲要他先做完作业再去,而这位同学坚持要先去动物园回来后再作家艇作业,于是父子之间展开了一场对话。

参考句型:

  Would you … please?

  It was called…

  It seems that…

  Do you like…

  I’d prefer…to…

  I’d prefer to (do) … (rather) than (do). .

  I’d rather (do) …than (do) …

  I would (do) … rather than (do) …

  I’d like (to) …

  三、关于阅读训练的教学建议

  由于阅读与写作训练应当是本单元的重点,除了要学生加强对课文的阅读与复述之外,还应补充一些阅读材料以提高同学们的阅读能力。可参考扩展资料中提供的拓展阅读的材料。

  四、关于写作训练的教学建议

  请用英语介绍如何从火车站到自己的学校。

  [思路讲解]

  请简要介绍出从火车站至学校要走哪条路或要乘坐哪路公交车,在哪站下车,下了车怎么走。总共大约要花多少时间。也可指出学校旁边有哪些醒目的建筑物等。

  [范例点评]

  My school is far away from the railway station. Luckily there is a bus station outside the railway station. You can take a bus there. The No.6 bus will take you to our school. You could get off at 5th stop. You can see the gate of our school at the Hong Shan stop. Our school is just on the other side of the street. I’m sure you won’t miss it.

  本篇作文语言表达简洁清楚。从火车站到学校路线明了,确能让读者很容易地找到该校。

本单元的重点句型及相关知识的讲解

  1.    Not too long ago, people couldn’t go scuba diving on Hainan Island, or anywhere else.

  不久以前,在海南和其他地方人们还不能进行潜水运动。

  else 形容词,意思为“别的;其他的”,无比较级。

  它常接在疑问代词,不定代词后面。如:

  — Beside the weather, what else did he say? 除了天气,他还说了些什么?

  — He said something interesting about his travel abroad. 他说了国外旅行的趣闻。

       Who else is coming? 还有别人来吗?

       We are preparing the dinner. 我们正在准备饭。

  —  Anything else I can do for you? 我还能为你做些别的事吗?

  — No, thank you. You’ve already done so much for me. 不用,谢谢。你已经为我做了很多。

  2.    This is because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time. 这是因为没有供人水下呼吸很长时间的机器。

  allow sb. to do sth. 意思为“允许某人做某事”。 相当于宾语时,必须接不定式。如:

  They don’t allow children to go into that room.= They don’t let children to into that room.

  他们不允许孩子进入那个房间。

  I allowed him to use my room.= I let him use my room.

  我让他使用我的房间。

  allow后接不接人称代词或名词时,后面的动词须用 –ing 形式,而不能用不定式。如:

  My parents don’t allow us to smoke. Smoking is not allowed both at home and at school.

  我父母不允许吸烟。

  注意:这一用法中的allow不能用let替换。

  3. In 1943 Jacques Cousteau and his friend made it possible by inventing the scuba machine.

  1943年雅克·库斯托和他的朋友发明了水下呼吸器,才能使这成为可能。

  make在这里是“使得”的意思,后接不带to的动词不定式。“make sb. do sth.” 意为“让 / 使得某人做某事”。make后还可以跟形容词作宾补。如:

  The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.

  老板让工人们一天工作十二小时。

  His mother was ill. This bad news made him sad.

  他的母亲病了,这个坏消息使他很难过。

  4. He was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish.

  他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。

  (1) amazed 使(某人)感到惊奇。

  She amazed us by dancing so beautifully. That’s why we enjoyed every minute of the party.

  她舞跳得如此美,使我们很惊奇,这也使我们聚会时度过了美好时光。

  be amazed at / by 感到惊奇。如:

  We are amazed at the changes in Beijing. I can’t even find where my old house is.

  北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。

  She was amazed by what she saw in China. She is now planning to bring her whole family here next month.

  她在中国所见到的情景使她感到惊奇。她正打算下个月把家人都接来。

  (2) fish 指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词,指“鱼的种类”时是可数名词。单复同形指“同一种类的鱼”,而fishes复数形式指不同种类的鱼。如:

  We had fish for dinner.

  我们正餐吃鱼。

  We caught five fish.

  我们抓到了五条鱼。

  There are many kinds of fishes in the lake.

  湖里有各种各样的鱼。

  5. However, when he returned some years later, the colourful coral reefs were dead and grey.

  然而,多年以后,当他回来时,艳丽多彩的珊瑚礁已经死了,变成灰色的了。

  however  conj. 然而;可是;不过;但是

  Certainly he agreed. However, I won’t agree,

  他当然同意了,然而我不同意。

  注:howeverbut的区别在于,前者较为正式,but不能置于句首,而however 可以置于句首,句中或句末。置于句中时,前后用分号隔开的情况较多。

  6. Since water covers most of the earth, Corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean.

  由于水覆盖了地球的大部分,库斯托知道我们应该保持海洋清洁。

  1sincebecause的区别在于,since常用于指众所周知的原因,而Because常用来回答Why的提问。

  Since we are young, we should do more for our country.

  既然我们年轻,我们应当多为国家做事。

   Why is Kate absent? 凯特为什么迟到了?

   Because she is ill. 因为她病了。

  since的另外一种用法,是表示“自从……以来”。

  Where have you been since I last saw you?

  上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?

  It is a week since we arrived here.

  我们到这里来已经有一个礼拜了。

  2)本句中cover的用法,意思是“用……遮盖;覆盖”。

  Snow covered the ground.

  雪覆盖了地面。

  She cried and covered her face with her hands.

  她哭了,用手蒙住了脸。

  The desk was covered with dust.= Dust covered the desk.

  书桌上布满了灰尘。

  7 …, he encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.

  ……,他鼓励每个人加入到保护我们的河流、湖泊和海洋的行动中来,take part in意为“参加(活动)”一般表示在活动中还承担一定的职责。

  He always takes an active part in all kinds of activities in school.他总是积极参加学校的各种活动。

  join也有参加的意思,但是该词主要强调参加某项组织。如:He joined the party when he was eighteen years old.他十八岁就入了党。

  8. … but I’ve gone scuba diving.

    So have I.

    ……但是我去潜水了。

    我也去了。

  Sobe/情态动词/助动词+主语”这种简略结构表示“某人也……”如:I like green very much. So does Lily.

  我喜欢绿色,莉莉也喜欢。

  Tom can swim, so can I.

  汤姆会游泳,我也会游。

  She is a student. So are they.

  她是学生,他们也是。

  I went to the zoo yesterday. So did Mary.

  昨天我去了动物园,玛丽也去了。

  so+主语+be/情态动词/助动词,这种结构强调“……确实如此”。如:Her husband is English. So he is.

  他丈夫是英国人。是的,他是。

  Tom studies very hard. So he does.

  汤姆学习很努力。是的,他确实很努力。

  She passed the exam. So she did.

  她通过了这次考试。是的,他确实通过了。

  9. I’ve been down as long as two hours.

  我在水下待了两小时之久

  as long as …长达……

  It took us as long as four hours to get over the mountain.

  我们花了四个小时才翻过了那座山。

  Mr. Brown spent as long as two and a half years writing the novel.

  布朗先生花了长达两年半的时间才写完这部小说

  注:类似的用法还有as much as, as large/big as, as wide as, as high as等等。如:

  Look at the tower, it is as high as sixty metres.

  看那座塔,它高达60米。

  I spent as much as ten thousand yuan on the piano.

  买这架钢琴,我花了多达一万块钱。

  注意:as long as这个短语还可以做从属连词用来引导条件状语从句。意思是“只要……”,也可以说;so long as。如:

  As long as I live, I’ll study.

  只要我还活着,我就要学习。

  You may borrow the books so long as you keep it clean.

  只要你能保持书的清洁,你就可以借书。

  As long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

  只要我们不灰心,我们就能找到解决问题的出路。

  10. Maybe we can go scuba diving sometime.

  也许改天我们能潜泳。

  Maybe it will rain tonight.

  可能今天晚上会下雨。

  Maybe it is true.

  也许这是真的。

  It may be wrong.

  这可能有错。

  Don’t worry. We have some time left.

  别担心,我们还有时间。

  I have been to his school some times.

  我去过他的学校几次。

  Come and see me sometime next week.

  下个礼拜什么时候有时间来看我。

  I sometimes go to the cinema after work.

  我有时下班后去看电影。

  11. Not all sharks are alike.

  并不是所有的都相似。

  Alive adj.  意思为“相同的;相像的”常做表语。

  They were born on the same day. The two brothers are very much alike.

  他俩出生于同一天。这兄弟俩长得很像。= They were born on the same day. The two brothers are very like.

  他俩出生于同一天。这兄弟俩长得很像。

  注意:like 之前可以用very 来修饰,但是alike之前则不行。另外,alike也可以用做副词。如:

  You and I think alike.

  你和我的想法一致。

  Great minds think alike.

  英雄所见略同。

  12. … but many sharks feed on fish, other sea animals, smaller sharks and sometimes people.

  ……许多鲨鱼以鱼和其他的海洋动物,较小的鲨鱼为食,有时还以人为食。

  Feed on sth. 以……为食

  Cows feed on hay.

  奶牛吃干草。

  The children always feed on the best of food.

  孩子们常常吃最好的食物。

  13. It is said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the great white shark.

  据说有一种最危险的鲨鱼是大白鲨。

  It is said …据说……

  It is said that you are good at operating computers.

  据说你很会操作电脑。

  It is said that the sports meeting will be put off till next Thursday.

  据说运动会会推迟至下周四举行。

  类似的句型还有:

  It is thought that … 据认为……

  It is proved that …  据证明……

  It is known that …  众所周知……

  It is suggested that …据建议……

  It is reported that … 据报道……

  It is announced that …据宣布……

  It is required that … 据要求……

  It is required that we work eight hours a day. Sometime we work till midnight.

  据要求我们一天要工八个小时。有时我们工作到半夜。

  It was demanded that the working conditions be improved as soon as possible. But nothing is different, just like what you can see now.

  根据要求,工作条件要尽快的改进。但是,如同你看到的,什么都没改变。

关于现在完成时态的归纳

  1. 现在完成时态的结构have/has+过去分词

  2. 现在完成时涉及两个时间概念。一是过去,二是现在。谓语动词虽然所表示的动作发生在过去,但是该时态所强调的还是对现在的影响或结果。关键在于这种影响和结果正是说话人的兴趣所在。因而,该时态通常不带有时间状语。如:

  The boy has come back.

  孩子回来了。(意思是说孩子在家。)

  I’ve lost my pen.

  我把钢笔给丢了。(意思是说我现在没有钢笔用。)

  3. 现在完成时态还可以用来表示开始于过去,且该状态一直延续至今而且还有可能继续下去的可能性的情况。谓语动词的动作通常是可持续的。如:

  I have lived here for more than twenty years.

  我在此住了二十多年了。

  Nothing has happened ever since.

  打那以后就什么也没有发生过,

  4 非延续性动词用于现在完成时态的时候,通常不带表示时间段的时间状语,因此不和for或者since连用。例如,不能说:

  I have bought the house for two years / since two years ago.

  而应当说:I bought the house two years ago.

  或者说:I have had the house for two years.

  或者说:It’s two years since I bought the house.

  但是非延续性动词的否定式可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,表示这种动作的否定状态的延续。如:

  I haven’t bought anything for a week / since you left.

  我已经有一个礼拜没有买东西了。/自从你离开以后我没有买过任何东西。

  5 同学们应当特别注意的是,现在完成时态是一个属于现在时态的范畴,所以它可以和包括“现在时刻”在内的时间状语连用。如:

  Now, today, this morning / week / month / year, by now, so far, up to now, already, before, just, ever, never, always, recently, lately.等等。如:

  I have done nothing today.

  我今天什么事情也没有干。

  We have had four lessons this morning.

  今天上午我们上了四节课。(说话时还没有超出上午的范围)

  Have you seen her before?

  你以前见过他吗?

  6.当强调行为的行为时间、执行者、行为方式、行为场所、行为原因时,句中一般用一般过去时,而不用或者很少用现在完成时,间或用现在完成时也是为了强调结果。如:Who did it?   How did he do it?  Why did he do it? Where did he do it? When did he do it?

  7.为了准确地判断动词的延续性和非延续性,请记住下面的歌诀:

  动词延续非延续,要用“一直”加动词;

  说得通是延续动词,说不通是非延续动词。

  不能说:一直买buy/开始begin/借入borrow/到达reach,get to,arrive/参加join,等等。

  可以说:一直有have/进行be on/保管keep/在……组织里be in/是……成员be a+身份

  如以下所示:

  He has gone there.

  他上那儿去了。

  He has been there for two days.

  他上那儿去了两天了。

  He has bought a book.

  他买了一本书。

  He has had the book for 3 weeks.

  他买这本书三周了。

  She has borrowed a dictionary.

  她借了一本词典。

  She has kept the dictionary for 2 weeks.

  他借这本词典两周了。

练习

将下列句子翻译成英文。

  1. 从两点钟起我就在这里了。

  2. 她已经走了一个礼拜了。

  3. 从上礼拜五他就生病了。

  4. 他参军已经有五年了。

  5. 自从五年前他就在这里了。

参考答案:

  1. I have been here since two o’clock.

  2. She has been away for a week.

  3. He has been ill since last Friday.

  4. He has been in the army for five years.

  5. He has lived here since five years ago.

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