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查 尔斯·狄更斯

狄更斯（Charles Dickens，1885～1930） 作者简介： 英国小说家，出生于海军小职员家庭，10岁时全家被迫迁入负债者监狱，11岁就承担起繁重的家务劳动。曾在皮鞋作坊当学徒，16岁时在律师事务所当缮写员，后担任报社采访记者。他只上过几年学，全靠刻苦自学和艰辛劳动成为知名作家。  他生活在英国由半封建社会向工业资本主义社会的过渡时期。其作品广泛而深刻地描写这时期社会生活的各个方面，鲜明而生动地刻画了各

阶层的代表人物形象，并从人道主义出发对各种丑恶的社会现象及其代表人物进行揭露批判，对劳动人民的苦难及其反抗斗争给以同情和支持。但同时他也宣扬以“仁爱”为中心的忍让宽恕和阶级调和思想。对劳动人民的反抗斗争抱行动上支持而道德上否定的矛盾态度。表现了他的现实主义的强大力量和软弱空想。 狄更斯一生共创作了14部长篇小说，许多中、短篇小说和杂文、游记、戏剧、小品。其中最著名的作品是描写劳资矛盾的长篇代表作《艰难时代》（1854）和描写1789年法国革命的另一篇代表作《双城记》（1859）。前者展示了工业

资本家对工人的残酷剥削和压迫，描写了工人阶级的团结斗争，并批判了为资本家剥削辩护的自由竞争原则和功利主义学说。后者以法国贵族的荒淫残暴、人民群众的重重苦难和法国大革命的历史威力，来影射当时的英国社会现实，预示这场“可怕的大火”也将在法国重演。其他作品有《奥列佛·特维斯特》（又译《雾都孤儿》1838）、《老古玩店》（1841），《董贝父子》（1848），《大卫·科波菲尔》（1850）和《远大前程》（1861），等等。 狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的　

心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。马克思把他和萨克雷等称誉为英国的“一批杰出的小说家”??? 

Scrooge是伦敦的一个小业主，待人苛刻，嗜财如命，是有名的吝啬鬼。邻里间素有恶名，但他本人对此无所谓。

有一年的12月24日，圣诞节就要来临了。Scrooge认为这只是人们为了寻欢作乐找出的借口，对他来说，挣钱的日子又少了一天。小伙计请求他圣诞节放假一天，说这只是一年中唯一的一次，他也不允许。

就在这天晚上，七年前死去的他的合伙人Marley的鬼魂来看望了他，随后又有三个精灵接连造访......

《圣诞颂歌》是狄更斯所有作品中再版次数最多的，在西方脍炙人口、家喻户晓。该书中的一些情节已经成为圣诞节的固定风俗，而主人公Scrooge的名字也被收入字典，成为“吝啬鬼”的同义词。

dream dream of /about

He woke from a dream and found himself on a

lonely island.

We often have dreams of wealth and happiness.

The soldiers dreamed about / of ( going ) home.

She dreamed to be a university student.

I dreamed a bad dream last night.

2. offer 主动提出, 提供 n.

offer to do sth offer sb sth = offer sth to sb

offer sb some money for sth accept one’s offer

He offered to help me with my maths.

I have been offered a job in Japan.

We offered him the house for ￡ 3o,ooo.

The girl had an offer of marriage from the boy .

3. care for : like , feel like, look after

care about : be concerned about worry about

Who will ________l the children if their mother dies.

We should ________________each other when in

trouble ?

I don’t_______________ what happens to him.

The sick with cancer_______________ his health.

I don’t really _________ tea; I like coffee better.

care for

care for (about)

care much about

cared a lot about

care for

a stereotype model

a cruel , greedy and mean boss

fake food product

food polluted with poisons or bacteria

food poisoning

safety standard

working conditions

social consciece

A Christmas Carol

Step one . Answer the following questions.

When does the story happen ?

Who is Ebenezer Scrooge ? Which word is he

always to comment everything ?

3. Who is Bob Cratchit ? What does he want to do ?

4. What does the gentleman want to do ? Has he

Promised ? What happened to Scrooge ?

Step2.Judge the following sentences True or false

1.It was cold in scrooge’s office and Bob had to

warm himself over the candles.

2. Scrooge was willing to let Bob have a day off

because it would be Christmas the next day.

3. Scrooge was invited by his niece and he

accepted happily.

4. A gentleman arrived at Scrooge’s office because he wanted to collected money for the poor.

T

F

F

T

5. Scrooge didn’t want to give the poor any money

because he was poor himself.

6. According to the dialogue, in Scrooge’s dream

he met his old friend ------Jacob Marley.

F

F

Step three : Fill in the blanks according the passage

It was the day before C_____and the w______ was

terrible . Bob wanted to have a day o____ in order

to have a good Christmas dinner but his boss ,

Scrooge,who was c______ , mean and only

intested in making m_______ didn’t allow him

to do so at first. Scrooge’s nephew--- Fred wanted

to i_____ Scrooge to attend their Christmas dinner

hristmas

eather

ff

old

oney

nvite

but he was r_______ . A gentleman who wanted

bo connect some money for the poor was also

t______ down by Scrooge. At last when all the

others left Scrooge had a d______ , in which he

Santa Claus

efused

urned

ream

too--- to

I’m too excited to say a word.

He is too young to join the army.

=He is not old enough to join the army.

= He is so young that he can’t join the army.

若在该句式中用形容词kind, ready, anxious,

glad, pleased, delighted, easy, willing, eager等，

则往往不表示否定意义。

He is too excited to see his old friend again.

I’m only too glad to help you.

He’s too anxious to get home sooner.

2.anyway adv.

无论如何,不管怎样,至少,反正=anyhow

That wasn't my fault, anyway.

It may rain, but we shall go anyway.

Anyhow, you can try, even if there’s not much

chance of success.

admit sb. into/ to sth.

sth.

admit doing sth.

that- clause

You must admit the task to be difficult.

He admitted having stolen the bicycle.

He admitted that he had stolen the bicycle.

No one but ticket-holders was admitted.

He was admitted to a key university.

The theater admits 1000 people.

5. do sb good = do good to sb

do sb wrong = do wrong to sb

do sb harm = do harm to sb

Doing exercise will do good to us .

You did me wrong ; I didn’t do that at all.

The wrong you did to me was great.

6. in want of in need of in favour of

in praise of in face of in search of

in hope of in charge of in honour of

in memory of

7.abundant adj.

1.) 大量的;充足的

abundant rainfall

We have abundant proof of his guilt.

2.) 丰富的;富裕的[(+in)]

The country is abundant in natural resources.

be abundant in

in abundance

The country has abundant supplies of oil and gas.

8.badly off well off

Because of heavy debts, he is badly off.

I don’t know when I can be well off.

7.afford

The book is so expensive, so I can’t afford it.

I can’t afford to buy the expensive book.

9.occupy vt.

1.) 占领,占据

The enemy soon occupied the town.

2.) 占(时间,空间);占用;住

Reading occupies most of my free time.

The bathroom is occupied.

be occupied with sth

be occupied in doing sth

occupy oneself in doing sth. / with sth.

He is occupied with all kinds of daily affairs.

I have been occupied in reading.

I have occupied myself in reading.

Unit7 Integrating Skills

A Christmas Carol

Divide the play into 3 parts. Try to find out what

caused Scrooge to turn over a new leaf.

Find out something about the firs scene

The place where Scrooge live once lived

The time when Scrooge was young.

Young scrooge and his girlfriend

The girl wanted to be separated from Scrooge

Scrooge cared nothing except money

He felt very uneasy.

In the second scene, Scrooge saw the Christmas

party held in Bob Cratchit’s houses. Judge the

following sentences True of False .

1. In the dream it was Christmas Eve and the

Cratchits were having a Christmas dinner.

2. In the dream Tiny was ill but his father

couldn’t afford the medicine for him.

3. These things really happened to the Cratchits.

T

T

F

4. On seeing the scene Scrooge wanted to change

his life.

5. Scrooge ordered a big Christmas tree for

the cratchits’.

T

F

Scene 3

From here we say the Scrooge turned over a

new leaf. How did Bob Cratchit feel when he saw

Scrooge and his turkey ?

A. Satisfied B. Interested

C. Angry D. Surprised

D

He hadn’t expected that Scrooge would

be so generous

take the place of in place

take one’s place out of place

take place in place of

Tractors have now taken the place of horses and cows in most villages.

The task is carried out by robots in place of human workers.

Mr. Li is ill, and I’ve come to take his place.

If you don’t like it , you can take another instead of it.

2. be content with: be satisfied with

be content to do sth: be willing/ready to sth

The teacher is satisfied with the student’s answer.

The Smiths are content to live a simple life.

# Jenny stared at her boyfriend with a contented

look / smile.

# How about the content of the room /the book.

3. separate…from

divide…into

1) Taiwan ________________the main land by the Taiwan Strait.

2) Let’s _______ the children _______ 4 group.

Each group will have a _________ room to sleep in.

A. separate; into; divide B. cut; into, separate

C. divide; into; separate D. divide; divide; divide

3) He __________ the big eggs ______ the small ones

4) I will _______ the apple _____ half/ _____ halves.

is separated from

separated

from

divide

in

into

divide

into

5) They___________ at the school gate and went

back home.

6) I want to talk to him about it____________.

separately

separated

4.of late : lately , recently

He spoke English as well, if not better ,as of late.

What are you busy with of late ?

# at ( the ) latest

Be here on Monday at the latest.

You must finish the work by Friday at the latest.

as 和which作为关系代词都可以用来引导非限制性定语

从句，指代整个主句所表达的内容，在从句中作主语或宾

语，但它们在用法上是有区别的，现就它们引导非限制定

语从句时的用法简述如下。

一、相同之处

当从句位于主句之后，引导词指代整个主句所表达的

全部意义时，as 和which有时可以互换。

1) The elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody

can see.

2) He is an Englishman, as /which I know from his

accent.

3) A big earthquake occurred in the west part of

Japan last night, as /which was reported on TV.

二、 不同之处

As引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活可

位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后，而

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句后不

能位于主句之前。

As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

Air, as we know, is a gas.

He is very careful, as his work shows.

1. ___________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET2001)

A. It B. As C. That D. What

2. ___________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. (NMET1999)

A. It B. As C. That D. What

3. Dotothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________, of cause, made the others unhappy. ( NMET2000)

A. who B. which C. this D. that

4 Willma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, __________ made her mother very proud.

A. it B. that C. which D. this

B

B

B

C

在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主

语，也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系词

be 或助动词be 的主语。

He married her, which was natural.

(可用as代替which)

He saw the girl, which delighted him.

( 不可用as代替which)

He was late for class again, which made the

teacher very angry.

(不可用as代替which)

6. The metal box is 3 times heavier than the

plastic one.

The metal box is 4 times the height of the

plastic one.

The metal box is 4 times as heavy as the

plastic one.

7. toast

Let’s propose a toast to the bride an bridegroom.

Let’s toast the bride and bridegroom.

Let’s drink a toast to your success.

Let’s toast our friends.

# two slices of buttered toast.