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Unit 14 Satellites

作者:未知来源:中央电教馆时间:2006/4/17 20:29:54阅读:nyq
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教学建议

对话建议

  借助对话课的学习与操练,表示打算和意愿的常用语句,组织学生模仿对话,并且讨论相关的话题。比如:可以让学生们自己设计对话,到前面来表演。

语法建议

  归纳和复习定语从句,从一个句子开始,让学生们分析此句,和学生一起讨论介词+定语从句的用法。如:

  There is a rocket motor by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.

提问学生:

  1) 如何翻译此句?

  2)此句为限定还是非限定定语从句?

  3)在做介词+定语从句的用法,应注意哪此问题等等。

课文建议

  组织学生理解课文,结合课文,用英语简述人造地球卫星在传送广播,电视信号,预报天气情况,世界通讯行业和观测太空等方面的巨大作用。给学生展示图片,同时提供学生观看视频。

重点讲解

分析in space 在太空中

  (1A few astronauts have walked in space so far. 到目前到止,有几位宇航员已在太空中漫游过。

  (2Maybe some of you will be traveling in space in the future. 将来你们中有些人可能会在太空中旅行。

  space表示“天空、太空”时有不可数名词,构成介词短语不加冠词。例如:

  from space从空中,into space进入太空,through space穿过太空。

分析so far as

  so/as far as...“就……尽……,就……而论”表示一定程度或范围,该短语常引出一个分句,在句中作插入语,通常用逗号分开。

  You'd better learn English so far as you can.你得尽你所能来学习英语。

  As far as I know, she has never used the computer.据我所知,她从没用过计算机。

  So far as I know, she has not much money.就我所知,她没有很多钱。

分析dozen n.

  一打、十二(个),用法与score相似,但需要注意三点:①当dozen与数词或many, several 等连用时,不加s;②dozen后加s时,常与of连用,修饰复数名词;③dozens of 译作“好几十、许多”,前面通常不用基数词。

  two (manyseveral) dozen pencils 两(好多、几)打铅笔。

  We had to have dozens of chairs for the party. 我们必须为聚会准备几十把椅子。

  I've been there dozens of times.我曾去过那儿很多次。

辨析likely, possible, probable

相同点

这三个词都有“可能”的含意。

不同点

likely 是表语形容词,作“很可能”解,常接不定式短语;

构成be likely to do sth., 主语可以是人,也可以是物,但不可用句型It is likely for sb. to do sth., 而应用It is likely that…

possible是表语形容词,强调客观存在的可能性,但含有可能很小的意味,常用的句型为:It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth.以及It is possible that….。如果用表示人的词作主语时,possible后面的不定式动作的逻辑宾语应是句子的主语。

probable是形容词常作表语,强调有根据、合理性,表示有很大可能性,它的主语不能用表示人的词,也不能跟不定式;常用It is probable that…句型。

例子如下:

  It is likely to be fine tomorrow.

  It is possible that a storm will come tonight.

  Tom is possible to live with.(Tomlive with的逻辑宾语)

  It is probable that he forgot.

注意:

  在表示可能性时,likely probable语气相当肯定,都作“有可能的”解,两者均比possible的语气强,而且可能性程度也比possible大,likely都用口语中。

  It’s possible but not probable or likely that she’ll come here next week.

  1To escape the pull of the earth, a rocket must reach a speed of 40, 000 k. p. h. 为摆脱地球的引力,火箭的速度须达到每小时四万公里。

  ①pull作“拉、拖、拔”解。本处相当于gravity。如:

  The boy gave a pull at the rope and then ran away. 这些孩子们将绳子拉了一下就跑开了。

  ②speed的搭配:at a speed of 120 m. p. h. 以每小时一百二十英里的速度……

  at the speed of light / sound 以光/音速at top speed以最大速度

  at (a) high speed以高速with great speed / all speed / good speed快速地,迅速地,高速地

  2It is therefore possible to say not only what the weather is like at present, but also what is likely to happen in the next day or two. 因此, 它不仅可以报告当前的天气情况,还可以预报未来一两天内天气可能会发生的情况。

  1)  本句是一个由“it”作形式主语的句子,真正的主语是动词不定式“to say…”。

  2)  在动词不定式结构中的“not only but also…”译作“不但……而且”,是并列连词。连接两个“to say”的宾语从句。

  3)  句中出现了短语“be likely to do sth.,译为“可能做(某事)”如:

  He is likely to come back.他很可能会来。

  I’m likely to be free tomorrow.明天我可能有空。

  4)  短语“in the next day or two ”译为“一两天后”常用于将来时。

  3There is a rocket motor on the satellite by which the direction of the satellite can be changed if necessary. 在卫星上还有一个火箭马达,必要时可以用它来改变卫星的方向。

… if necessary. =.. . if it is necessary. “必要时”

  在when/where/while/whether/how等引导的时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等从句中,若主语是it或与主句的主语相同,有时可将主语省略。谓语一部分(特别是动词be)常常可以省略。

  He listened to the radio while doing his homework. (while he was doing his homework)他边做作业边听收音机。

  Whenever in difficulty(= Whenever you are in difficulty), you can come to me for help. 无论什么时候你遇到困难,都可以来找我帮忙。

  Do not leave the machine till told to do so(= till you are told to do so). 不要离开这台机器,直到叫你离开你才可以走。

Talking about what to do today/tomorrow

1)提出建议

  What shall we do today? 我们今天干什么?

  Where shall we go today?我们今天上哪儿去?

  Shall we go to the Science Museum tomorrow?明天我们去科学博物馆,好吗?

  What/How about going to the zoo?到动物园去怎么样?

  Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? 我们去看电影,好吗?

  Why don’t we go picnicking today?我们干嘛不去野餐呢?

2)询问对方的意见

  What would you like to do today?今天你想干什么呢?

  What do you feel like doing today?今天你想要做什么?

  What do you plan to do today?你今天打算做什么?

  Have you decided what to do/where to go today?你决定好了今天干什么/到哪儿去吗?

3)表明自己的打算或想法

  I fell like taking a walk in the woods.我想到树林中去散步。

  I’d rather go to see the Great Wall today.我想今天去游长城。

  I’d rather not go anywhere today.今天我哪儿也不想去。

  I would like to see a film tomorrow.我想明天去看电影。

  I have decided to go mountain-climbing tomorrow. 我已决定明天去爬山。

复习“介词+关系代词”结构

技巧:

  “介词+关系代词(whom, which)”引导定语从句的现象很普通,但也较复杂。现将其要点分析如下:

  (1)“介词+关系代词”结构既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。例如:

  There is a rocket motor by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.(限制性定语从句)

  卫星上装有可能改变其运行方向的火箭发动机。

  The factory has 3, 000 workers, of whom about 1, 000 are women. (非限制性定语从句)

  这个工厂有三千工人,其中大约一千是女工。

  (2)“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, with, to, at, against, through, by means of, because of等,关系代词只能用whom, which,不能用that。例如:

  Water boils at 100°C ,at which temperature it changes to gas.水在100度沸腾,变成蒸气。

  (3)“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用需按句意或词的搭配关系而定。例如:

  He is the man for whom I enjoy working. 他是那种我愿意为他工作的人。

  (whom 前用for是根据句意“为……而”而决定的)

  He is the man with whom I enjoy working. 他是那种我喜欢和他一块工作的人。

  (whom前用with是根据句意“和……一起”而决定的)

注意:两个或三个词构成的固定短语动词,如listen to, book at, look after, look for, depend on, take care of, pay attention to等,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词分开放在关系代词之前。例如:

  These are the children whom she will take care of. 这些是她要照料的孩子们。

   (不说…of whom she will take care)

  Is this the book which you are looking for? 这是你要打的书吗?

  (不说…for which you are looking)

  (4)“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中可以作定语和状语,偶尔也作表语。例如:

  ①作定语

  The factory has 3,000 workers, of whom about 1,000 are women. (提示of whom修饰3,000 workers)

  China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (提示of which 修饰the largest , the largest island)

  ②作状语

  The room in which she works is kept in good order. (in which 修饰works)

  They are the girls with whom I go to school every day. (with whom 修饰go to school)

  ③作表语

  Present at the conference were many important people, among whom was the President.出席会议的有许多大人物,其中就有总统。 (among whom was the President) 倒装语序的定语从句,主语是President, among whom起表语作用)

  (5)在“介词+关系代词”结构中,which可单独作定语,而whom则不能。例如:

  I called her by the wrong name, for which I apologize. 我把她名字叫错了,为此我道了歉。

   (which修饰mistake)

  (6)“介词+关系代词”后接不定式短语相当于于一个宾语从句。   

  Tom is a pleasant young man with whom to work. =Tom is a pleasant young man to work with.

  汤姆是个能一块工作的快乐的小伙子。

  I have no money with which to buy a car. =I have no money to buy a car with. 我没钱买车。

但以上两句不可分别写为:

  Tom is a pleasant young man whom to work with. (×)

  I have no money which to buy a car with. (×)

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